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Biology 1105 > Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

any substance that dissociates in water to increase the [H+] (and lower the pH)

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

attraction of polar substances

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3
Q

Amphipathic molecules

A

contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions; associate into highly organized structures in water

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4
Q

Atom

A

smallest, stable components of cells; contain protons, neutrons, and electrons

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5
Q

Atomic mass

A

sum of masses of protons and neutrons in an action

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6
Q

Base

A

a substance that dissociates in water to decrease the [H+]

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7
Q

Bohr model

A

proton in middle with electrons on appropriate ring of energy level

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8
Q

Buffer

A

a substance that resists changes in pH

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9
Q

Chemical bond

A

atoms in a molecule are joined by this bond

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10
Q

Compound

A

when a molecule contains atoms of more than one element

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

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12
Q

Cohesion

A

water molecules are attracted to one another

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13
Q

Dalton

A

unit of mass

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14
Q

Electron

A

negative charge

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15
Q

Electronegativity

A

atoms differ in their affinity for electrons

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16
Q

Element

A

substance consisting of one type of atom with the same number of protons

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17
Q

Energy level

A

electrons have energy of position. When an atom absorbs energy, an electron moves to a higher energy level, farther from the nucleus. When an electron falls to lower energy levels, closer to the nucleus, energy is released.

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18
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

ex.) sweat

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19
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

amount of energy required to change 1 gram of substance from liquid to gas

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20
Q

High specific heat

A

water has this quality and water heats up slowly and holds temperature longer

21
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

bonds between different water molecules

22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

“water-loving”; readily forms hydrogen bonds

23
Q

Hydrophobic

A

“water-fearing”; shrinks from contact with water

24
Q

Ice

A

it floats

25
Q

Ion

A

atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

26
Q

Ionic bond

A

opposite charges attract each other

27
Q

Isotope

A

atoms of same element that have different numbers of neutrons

28
Q

Mass

A

amount of substance

29
Q

Molecule

A

a group of atoms held together by energy in a stable association

30
Q

Neutron

A

neutral charge

31
Q

Nonpolar molecules

A

the affinity for electrons is obviously the same, and the electrons are equally shared

32
Q

Nucleus

A

contains protons and neutrons

33
Q

Octet rule

A

“rule of 8”; completely full outer energy levels

34
Q

Organic compounds

A

the majority of molecules that make up the body contain carbon. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

35
Q

Oxidation

A

electrons lost, energy released

36
Q

pH

A

means “partial hydrogen”; increases 10-fold

37
Q

Polar

A

one positive charge and a complimentary negative charge

38
Q

Proton

A

positive charge

39
Q

Radioactive

A

nucleus tends to break up into elements with lower atomic numbers

40
Q

Reduction

A

electrons gained, energy stored

41
Q

Solute

A

dissolved in the solvent

42
Q

Solvent

A

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

43
Q

Solution

A

a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

44
Q

Surface tension

A

the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area

45
Q

Trace element

A

C, H, O, N, P, S, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cl

46
Q

Valence electron

A

electrons in the outermost energy level; determine an elements reactive properties

47
Q

5 properties of water

A

cohesion, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, lower density of ice, solubility

48
Q

Heat of fusion

A

water has high heat of fusion because it resists change from liquid to solid state

49
Q

Water is the most dense when?

A

at 4 degrees Celsius, right before it freezes

Biology 1105 (3 decks)

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