Chapter 1: Intro To Biology

Question 1

Basic Research

Answer 1

Extends the boundaries of what we know. Done at universities and the research is usually supported by grants from various agencies and foundations.

Question 2

Applied Research

Answer 2

The information gathered by basic research contributes to the growing body of scientific knowledge, and it provides the scientific foundation utilized by this

Question 3

Binomial naming system

Answer 3

Names species. Contains and genus and species name

Question 4

Biology

Answer 4

Study of living things/the science of life

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

Most basic unit of life

Question 6

Cell theory

Answer 6

• all organisms are composed of cells
• cells are the smallest living things
• cells arise only from pre-existing cells

Question 7

Control experiment

Answer 7

Variable is left unaltered

Question 8

Controlled variables

Answer 8

The variables held constant; ex. Light and temperature

Question 9

Deductive reasoning

Answer 9

Uses general principles to make specific predictions

Question 10

Dependent variable

Answer 10

Will vary depending upon the independent variable

Question 11

Descriptive science

Answer 11

category of science that involves observing, recording, describing, and classifying phenomena.

Question 12

Ecosystem

Answer 12

Together populations in environment constitute this

Question 13

Biological community

Answer 13

Consist of all the populations of different species of living together in one place

Question 14

Emergent properties

Answer 14

As you move up this hierarchy, the many interactions occurring at lower levels can produce novel properties and may not be predictable

Question 15

Eukaryote

Answer 15

One or many cells; complex structure

Question 16

Genotype

Answer 16

An organism’s genetic material

Question 17

Hierarchical units

Answer 17

Atom-molecule-macromolecule-organelle-cell-population-community-ecosystem-biosphere

Question 18

Systems biology

Answer 18

Focuses on how components work together

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

A process where all organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment

Question 20

Hypothesis

Answer 20

A possible explanation for an observation, makes a prediction that can be tested, may be revised

Question 21

Hypothesis – driven science

Answer 21

Focused on testing a particular hypothesis by means of experimentation

Question 22

Independent variable

Answer 22

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment

Question 23

Inductive reasoning

Answer 23

Uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

Question 24

Observation

Answer 24

The data measured, collected, perceived or noticed, especially during an experiment.

Question 25

Organelle

Answer 25

Complex biological molecules assembled into tiny structures

Question 26

Organism

Answer 26

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 28

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 28

Supporting evolutionary descent from common ancestor

Question 29

Population

Answer 29

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place

Question 30

Prediction

Answer 30

The act of making an educated guess about the outcome of a situation

Question 31

Prokaryote

Answer 31

One cell; simple structure

Question 32

Pseudoscience

Answer 32

a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.

Question 33

Reductionism

Answer 33

Whole into parts

Question 34

Science

Answer 34

A systematic study of the natural world through observation and reasoning

Question 35

Scientific method

Answer 35

Observation-question-hypothesis-prediction-experiment-conclusion

Question 36

Scientific theory

Answer 36

Supported by substantial direct observation, experimental evidence, and scientific reasoning; not a guess

Question 37

Taxonomic rank

Answer 37

Kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species

Question 38

Test experiment

Answer 38

One variable is altered in a known way to test a particular hypothesis