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Baron's AP Psychology Terms > Chapter 3: Biological Basis of Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biological Basis of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

neuroanatomy

A

study of the parts and function of neurons (neuron at rest will be negatively charged inside the cell)

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2
Q

efferent neurons

A

motor neurons

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3
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory neurons

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4
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • function: motor movement

- lack of is associated with Alzheimer’s Disease

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5
Q

dopamine

A
  • function: motor movement and alertness
  • lack of is associated with Parkinson’s disease
  • overabundance with schizophrenia
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6
Q

endorphins

A
  • function: pain control

- involved in addictions

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7
Q

seratonin

A
  • function: mood control

- lack of is associated with clinical depression

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8
Q

GABA

A
  • function: important inhibitory transmitter

- seizures, sleep problems

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9
Q

glutamate

A

function: excitatory neurotransmitter, involved with memory

- migraines, seizures

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10
Q

norepinephrine

A
  • function: alertness, arousal

- depression

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11
Q

epinephrine

A
  • function: sympathetic nervous system arousal

- sleep disorders and mood disorders

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12
Q

interneurons

A

-part of the CNS that relay info between other neurons of CNS and PNS

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13
Q

reflex

A

sensory neurons interact directly with motor neurons

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14
Q

Phineas Gage

A

-damage to the frontal lobe caused him to become impulsive and rude

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15
Q

lobotomy

A

-lesion of the frontal cortex to treat mental illnesses

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16
Q

EEG

A

-detects brain waves in order to discover information on brain functioning (used often in sleep cycles)

17
Q

CAT or CT

A

-X-rays used to create 3-D structure of brain (no function)

18
Q

MRI

A
  • gives more detailed image than CT

- magnetic fields measure the density of different parts of the brain

19
Q

PET

A
  • measures how much glucose the brain is using

- which parts of the brain are functioning

20
Q

fMRI

A

structure of brain with info about the blood flow

21
Q

hindbrain

A
  • medulla (above the spinal cord)
  • pons: regulates breathing, sensations, facial expressions (located above the medulla)
  • cerebellum: procedural memory
22
Q

midbrain

A
  • between the hindbrain and forebrain and integrates some sensory info and muscle movements
  • reticular formation: controls arousal and attention
23
Q

brainstem

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

24
Q

forebrain

A
  • controls thought and reason
  • thalamus: responsible for communicating signals between the spinal cord and the areas of the forebrain, located above the brainstem
  • hypothalamus: next to thalamus, controls homoestasis, sexual arousal, hunger, thirst, endocrine system
  • amygdala: vital to experiences of emotion (esp. fear and anger) (surrounds thalamus)
  • hippocampus: where memories are processed and then sent to the cerebral cortex for permanent storage (surrounds thalamus)
25
Q

cerebral cortex

A

covers most of the brain structures

  • fissures (sulci): grooves
  • gyri: bumps
26
Q

contralateral control

A

-left hemisphere controls sensory and movement of right and vice versa

27
Q

brain lateralization (hemispheric specialization)

A
  • specialization of each hemisphere

- language usually processed in the left side of the brain

28
Q

Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga

A

-performed first split-brain procedure

29
Q

association area

A

-not active in sensory or motor control, but rather active in thought and behavior

30
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • prefronatal cortex: planning, pursuing goals, maintaining emotional control
  • Broca’s area: controls muscles producing speech
  • motor cortex: controls voluntary movements
31
Q

parietal lobe

A

-contains sensory cortex that receives sensations from the rest of our body

32
Q

occipital lobes

A
  • interpret messages from our eyes in the visual cortex

- impulses from the right half of each retina are processed in the right occipital lobe (and same for left)

33
Q

temporal lobes

A
  • auditory cortex interprets sounds sensed from ears
  • sound received from the left ear is processed in both hemispheres
  • Wernicke’s area: interprets both written and spoken speech, affecting our ability to understand language
34
Q

endocrine system

A
  • adrenal glands: signals adrenaline and fight-or-flight response
  • parathyroid: controls levels of Ca2+ in the blood
  • thyroid: regulates metabolism
  • ovaries and testes: produce sex hormones
35
Q

neural transmission

A

-an electric charge is created the neuron, the charge travels down a cell, and chemicals are released that cross the synapse to the next cell

Baron's AP Psychology Terms (6 decks)

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