Chapter 3: Atomic structure .... Flashcards
What is an atom?
- An atom is the smallest unit that makes up an element.
-E.g. Oxygen is an element that is made up of only oxygen atoms while an atom is made out of neutrons, protons and electrons.
(Tip: An atom is NOT the same as an element because an atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical propeties of an element, while an element is a substance that is made up of only one type of atom.)
What does an atom consist of?
- An atom consists of a nucleus, electron shells and sub-atomic particles, which include protons, nuetrons and electrons
What are nucleons?
- Nucleons are protons and neutrons.
Where are the sub-atomic particles found in an atom?
- The protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while the electrons are found in the electrons.
-E.g. A berylium atom has 4 protons and 3 neutrons in its nucleus and 4 electorns arranged in its 2 electron shells.
What is the relative mass and charge of a proton in an atom?
Sub-atomic particle: Proton
Relative mass: 1
Relative charge: +1
Location in the atom: Nucleus
What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron in an atom?
Sub-atomic particle: Neutron
Relative mass: 1
Relative charge: 0
Location in the atom: Nucleus
What is the relative mass and charge of an electron in an atom?
Sub-atomic particle: Electron
Relative mass: 1/1840
Relative charge: -1
Location in the atom: Electron shell
What is the mass of an electron?
- The mass of an electron can be considered negligible.
- The number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons.
Why is an atom electrically neutral?
- An atom is electrically neutral as the number of positively chagred protons is balanced by an equal number of negatively charged electrons.
What is a proton number?
- A proton number is the number of protons in an atom.
What is the nucleon/mass number?
- The nucleon/mass number is the number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in an atom.
What is a nuclide notation?
- A nuclide notation can be used to represent the proton number and nucelon number of an element.
- E.g.
35
(Cl)
17
represents a chlorine atom with 17 protons and 35 nucleons, thus a chlorine atom has 35-17 = 18 neutrons.
What is an ion?
- An ion is formed when an atom/a group of atoms loses or gains electrons.
- E.g. of ions: NA+, Mg2+, F-, and DH-
What is the charge of an ion?
- The charge of anion shows the number of electrons that are lost/gained.
- E.g. #1: The Na+ ion has a charge of +1, so there is one more proton than electron in the Na+ ion. So the Na atom loses one electron to form the Na+ ion.
- E.g. #2 : The F- ion has a charge of -1, so this shows that there is 1 more electron than porton in the F- ion. So the F atom gais one electron to form the F- ion.
What are isotopes?
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different nucleon number.
- E.g. Carbon 12 and carbon 14 are isotopes and both of them have 6 protons, but carbon 12 has 6 neutrons, while carbon 14 has 8 neutrons.