Chapter 3 and 4 Flashcards
Structures affected through the ROM:
muscles, joint surfaces, capsules, ligaments, fasciae, vessels, and nerves
Functional excursion
distance a muscle is capable of shortening after it has been elongated to its maximum
Example of active insufficiency.
bend the knee to shorten the gastroc. in order to focus on the soleus, flex the elbow and supinate and flex shoulder to shorten the bicep
Example of passive insufficiency.
extending the knee and flexing the hip to lengthen the hamstrings
Passive ROM (PROM)
movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force with little to no muscle contraction, external force may be from gravity, machine, another person, or another part of the individual’s own body
Active ROM (AROM)
movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint
Active-Assisted ROM (AAROM)
assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force because the prime mover muscles need assistance to complete the motion
Indications for PROM
- passive motion is beneficial but active motion would be detrimental to the healing process
- patient is not able to or not supposed to actively move a segment as when comatose, paralyzed, or complete bed rest
When a patient is able to contract the muscles actively and move a segment with or without assistance _____ is used.
AROM
This type of ROM increases circulation and prevents thrombus formation.
AROM
Passive motion does NOT:
- prevent muscle atrophy
- increase strength or endurance
- assist circulation to the extent that active, voluntary muscle contraction does
Patient preparation:
- communicate with patient
- prepare the region and drape patient
- position the patient in comfortable position with proper body alignment and stabilization
- position yourself so proper body mechanics can be used
Perform ROM smoothly and rhythmically, with ___ repetitions.
5-10
Determines flexibility:
- muscle length
- joint integrity
- extensibility of periarticular soft tissues
Dynamic flexibility
active mobility or active ROM
Passive flexibility
passive mobility or passive ROM
Contractures
adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross the joint that results in a significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limitation of ROM
Myostatic contracture
musculotendinous unit has adaptively shortened and there is a significant loss of ROM, but there is not specific muscle pathology, no decrease in individual sarcomere length
Pseudomyostatic contracture
impaired mobility and limited ROM may be the result of hypertonicity (spasticity or rigidity) associated with a CNS lesion such as a CVA, SCI, or traumatic brain injury
Arthrogenic and Periarticular contractures
adhesions, synovial proliferation, irregularities in articular cartilage, or osteophyte formation