Chapter 1 and 2, ACSM Position Stand Flashcards

1
Q

Main purposes of therapeutic exercise:

A
  • remediate or prevent impairments
  • improve, restore, or enhance physical function
  • prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
  • optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-being
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2
Q

Aspects of physical function:

A

balance/postural equilibrium, muscle performance, cardiopulmonary/endurance, mobility/flexibility, neuromuscular control/coordination, stability

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3
Q

Nagi

A

active pathology–>impairment–>functional limitation–>disability

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4
Q

ICF

A

impairment of body structure/function–>activity limitation–>participation restriction

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5
Q

Impairments

A

consequences of pathological conditions (signs and symptoms)

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6
Q

Direct/primary impairment

A

impingement - decreased ROM, pain, weakness

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7
Q

Indirect/secondary impairment

A

impingement - postural asymmetry because of altered use of the upper extremity

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8
Q

Functional limitation

A

occur at the level of the whole person, reduced ability of a person to perform actions or components of motor skills in an efficient or typically expected manner

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9
Q

Disability

A

inability to perform or participate in activities or tasks related to one’s self, the home, work, recreation, or the community in a manner or to the extent that the individual or the community as a whole perceive as “normal” (individual and societal functioning)

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10
Q

Primary prevention

A

activities such as health promotion designed to prevent disease in an at-risk population

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11
Q

Secondary prevention

A

early diagnosis and reduction of the severity of the duration of existing disease and sequelae

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12
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

use of rehab. to reduce the degree or limit the progression of existing disability and improve multiple aspects of function in persons with chronic, irreversible disease (“last ditch effort”)

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13
Q

Patient management

A
  • comprehensive examination
  • evaluation of the data collected
  • determination of a diagnosis based on impairments, functional limitations, and disability
  • establishment of a prognosis and POC based on patient-oriented goals
  • implementation of appropriate interventions
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14
Q

Examination

A

health history, systems review, tests and measures

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15
Q

Purpose of specific tests and measures:

A
  • support or refute working hypotheses
  • ascertain possible underlying causes of impairments
  • establish objective baselines
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16
Q

Tests and measures that identify musculoskeletal impairments:

A
  • assessment of pain
  • goniometry
  • joint mobility, stability, and integrity tests
  • tests of muscle performance (MMT, dynamometry)
  • posture analysis
  • gait analysis
  • assessment of assistive, adaptive, or orthotic devices
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17
Q

Describe what physical therapists do.

A

preferred practice patterns

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18
Q

Performance

A

acquisition of a skill

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19
Q

Learning

A

acquisition and retention of a skill

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20
Q

Motor learning

A

relatively permanent acquisition and retention of a skilled movement or task through practice

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21
Q

Discrete task

A

movement with a recognizable beginning and end (grasping an object, doing a push-up, etc.)

22
Q

Serial task

A

series of discrete movements combined in a particular sequence (eating with a fork, wheelchair transfers, etc.)

23
Q

Continuous task

A

repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct end or beginning (walking, stairs, cycling, etc.)

24
Q

Gentile’s taxonomy of motor tasks

A
  • closed or open environment
  • intertrial variability in the environment (absent or present)
  • body stable or body transport
  • manipulation of objects (absent or present)
25
Q

Three stages of motor learning

A

cognitive, associative, autonomous

26
Q

Blocked practice

A

same task or series of exercises is repeated under the same conditions and in a predictable order

27
Q

Random practice

A

slight variations of the same task are carried out in an unpredictable order

28
Q

Random-blocked practice

A

variations of the same task are performed in random order, but each variation of the task is performed more than once

29
Q

Second only to practice, this is considered the next most important variable that influences learning.

A

feedback

30
Q

Knowledge of Performance (KP)

A

either intrinsic feedback sensed during a task or immediate, post-task, augmented feedback (usually verbal) about the nature or quality of the performance of a motor task

31
Q

Knowledge of Results (KR)

A

immediate, post-task, augmented feedback about the outcome of a motor task

32
Q

Factors that affect adherence:

A
  • patient’s characteristics (motivation, memory, fatigue/stress, etc.)
  • factors related to patient’s health conditions or impairments (pain, co-morbidities, etc.)
  • program-related variables (program difficulty, logistics, etc.)
33
Q

Two main goals of Healthy People 2010:

A
  1. increase the quality of life and years of healthy living for all ages
  2. eliminate health disparities
34
Q

Health

A

general physical, mental, or spiritual condition of the body

35
Q

Wellness

A

state of good health often achieved through healthy lifestyle choices

36
Q

Health promotion

A

contributing to the growth and development of health

37
Q

Primary prevention

A

preventing a target problem or condition in an individual or in a community at risk

38
Q

Secondary prevention

A

decreasing the duration and severity of disease

39
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

decreasing the degree of disability and promoting rehabilitation for individuals with chronic or irreversible diseases

40
Q

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

A

precontemplation - no intention of change for next 6 months
contemplation - intend to change in next 6 months
preparation - plan for change in next 30 days, taking steps to change
action - changed behavior for less than 6 months
maintenance - changed the behavior for more than 6 months

41
Q

Steps to develop and implement prevention, health and wellness, and fitness programs.

A
  1. identify a need
  2. set goals and objectives
  3. develop the intervention
  4. implement the intervention
  5. evaluate the results
42
Q

Recommendations for moderate intensity cardio training.

A

> or =30 min/day on > or = 5 days/wk for a total of > or = 150 min/wk

43
Q

Recommendations for vigorous intensity cardio training.

A

> or = 20 min/day on > or = 3 days/wk (> or = 75 min/wk)

44
Q

For resistance exercise, each major muscle group should be trained how many days per week?

A

2-3

45
Q

Repetitions recommended to improve strength and power in most adults.

A

8-12

46
Q

Repetitions effective in improving strength in middle aged and older persons starting exercise.

A

10-15

47
Q

Repetitions recommended to improve muscular endurance.

A

15-20

48
Q

Holding a static stretch for _____ seconds is recommended for most adults.

A

10-30

49
Q

A rest of __ hours between sessions for any single muscle group is recommended.

A

48

50
Q

Flexibility and neuromotor training should be performed on _____ days per week.

A

2-3

51
Q

A program of exercise that does not include all exercise components or achieves less than the recommended volumes (intensity, duration, and frequency) of exercise IS/IS NOT likely to have benefit, particularly in habitually inactive persons.

A

is