Chapter 1 and 2, ACSM Position Stand Flashcards
Main purposes of therapeutic exercise:
- remediate or prevent impairments
- improve, restore, or enhance physical function
- prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
- optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-being
Aspects of physical function:
balance/postural equilibrium, muscle performance, cardiopulmonary/endurance, mobility/flexibility, neuromuscular control/coordination, stability
Nagi
active pathology–>impairment–>functional limitation–>disability
ICF
impairment of body structure/function–>activity limitation–>participation restriction
Impairments
consequences of pathological conditions (signs and symptoms)
Direct/primary impairment
impingement - decreased ROM, pain, weakness
Indirect/secondary impairment
impingement - postural asymmetry because of altered use of the upper extremity
Functional limitation
occur at the level of the whole person, reduced ability of a person to perform actions or components of motor skills in an efficient or typically expected manner
Disability
inability to perform or participate in activities or tasks related to one’s self, the home, work, recreation, or the community in a manner or to the extent that the individual or the community as a whole perceive as “normal” (individual and societal functioning)
Primary prevention
activities such as health promotion designed to prevent disease in an at-risk population
Secondary prevention
early diagnosis and reduction of the severity of the duration of existing disease and sequelae
Tertiary prevention
use of rehab. to reduce the degree or limit the progression of existing disability and improve multiple aspects of function in persons with chronic, irreversible disease (“last ditch effort”)
Patient management
- comprehensive examination
- evaluation of the data collected
- determination of a diagnosis based on impairments, functional limitations, and disability
- establishment of a prognosis and POC based on patient-oriented goals
- implementation of appropriate interventions
Examination
health history, systems review, tests and measures
Purpose of specific tests and measures:
- support or refute working hypotheses
- ascertain possible underlying causes of impairments
- establish objective baselines
Tests and measures that identify musculoskeletal impairments:
- assessment of pain
- goniometry
- joint mobility, stability, and integrity tests
- tests of muscle performance (MMT, dynamometry)
- posture analysis
- gait analysis
- assessment of assistive, adaptive, or orthotic devices
Describe what physical therapists do.
preferred practice patterns
Performance
acquisition of a skill
Learning
acquisition and retention of a skill
Motor learning
relatively permanent acquisition and retention of a skilled movement or task through practice