Chapter 3: A Theoretical Perspective Flashcards
CRITICAL POINTS FOR SOCIALIZATION INTO ROLE
The point of immersion into the student role
Anticipatory socialization to the profession
Transition to the RN role or to the APRN role
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ROLE
Structural-functionalist theory
Symbolic-interactionist theory
THE STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALIST
Roles more or less are fixed by the culture
Formation of the role is deductive
Opportunities to alter patterns of social interaction are limited
Situations are always resolved to fill a social need
Individuals subordinate their wills to social order
Social forces validate role and its functions
The society provides consensual validation
Government often codifies norms
EXAMPLE: DIVISION OF LABOR
The complex society demands differentiation of function
Specialization of functions
Continual readjustment and restructuring
Technologists, technicians, associates, and assistants are created to share in a domain of the work
Comply or become irrelevant
THE SYMBOLIC-INTERACTIONIST
A more individualistic perspective
Formation of role identity is inductive
Cues are interpreted and selectively chosen as relevant to the individual
Symbols are essential to the process
Symbols must be social and hold common meaning
Minimum constraint by the social structure
Role is a creative adaptation to the social environment
Role results from the reciprocal interaction of individuals
ROLE FORMATION
ideally a product of both theories
role development
reference groups
the process of socialization
reference groups
Normative groups
Comparison groups
Audience groups
SOCIALIZATION
Learning the values, attitudes, knowledge, and skills that enable the behavior prescribed for a specific social position or role
ENHANCED ROLE EXECUTION: HARMONY IN ROLE DEFINITIONS
Public definition
Professional definition
Legal definition
Institutional definition
EACH INVOLVE DIFFERENT REFERENCE GROUPS, VALUES, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS
THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION
Continual and cumulative
Evolves through role-taking and role-making
ROLE-TAKING
Grounded in empathic communication
Unidirectional
Accurate “read” enables actor to modify behavior to achieve desired response
CUES OF INFLEXIBILITY
Highly precise and detailed job descriptions
Management by memorandum
Guarded interdisciplinary boundaries that hamper smooth operation
A hierarchy that is an obstacle to work
Cumbersome and inconsistent policies, procedures, and documentation
Absence of staff nurse autonomy
Organizational relationships designed for supervision, as opposed to reporting
Absence of inventiveness and creativity
Verbalized discontent from staff but no effort to change
High turnover rate among employees
No support for attitudes, values, and behaviors that are without precedent
CHANGE DURING ROLE-TAKING
Accommodation (first-order change), change in behaviors but not the core values or attitudes
Assimilation (second-order change), permanent attitude shifts that cause new behaviors
ROLE-MAKING
Bidirectional and interactive
Both actors present behaviors that are interpreted reciprocally to create and modify their roles
