Chapter 3 Flashcards
Closed loop control
feedback, when executing a plan, we get feedback on what to do better
Open loop control
no feedback, just execute plan with no feedback
Invariant features
sequence of actions, relative timing, and relative force
Sequence of actions
An american football punt sequence is catch, approach, drop, kick.
Relative timing
When you swing to hit a volleyball during a serve must be relative to the timing of your toss
Relative force
The force of your foot making contact with a ball during a kick should be relative to the force with which you approached the ball and the movement of your leg
Parameters
Muscle selection, overall duration, overall force
muscle selection
the GMP is the same for throwing with your left hand as it is for throwing with your right hand
overall duration
the GMP is the same for running slowly as it is for running faster
overall force
the GMP is the same for batting with more overall force as it is for batting with less overall force
Speed Accuracy Trade-off
tendency for accuracy to be compromised when speed is increased or speed to decrease when focusing on accuracy
affordances
the action possibilities of the environment and task in relation to the perceiver’s own capabilities
attractor
a preferred state of stability toward which a system spontaneously shifts
constraints
boundaries that limit a person’s movement capabilities
Dynamic systems approach
a perspective that addresses the interplay of the environment, task, and individual on skilled movement.
Ecological approach
a motor development or learning perspective that rejects the hierarchical view of the brain as the ultimate controller of movement
environmental constraints
constraints that are external to the mover
functional constraints
individual constraints imposed by the psychological variables such as motivation, arousal, and intellect
GMP (generalized motor program)
a representation of a pattern of movements that is modifiable to produce a movement outcome; enables the production of skilled movement in the information-process theory
individual constraint
boundaries imposed by the organism itself
structural constraint
individual constraints imposed by physical characteristics such as gender, height, weight, and body makeup
phase shift
the change in a state that causes a shift or reorganization to a new attractor state
physical constraints
external conditions that can aid or hinder movement patterns (weather)
sociocultural constraints
constraints by social and cultural norms or pressure
