Chapter 3 Flashcards
Nuclear family
Core family unit of husband, wife, and their child/children.
The nuclear family has traditionally been seen as the main provider of socialization for the young and as a preserver of cultural traditions.
Single-parent family
A family that includes one parent, either biological or adoptive, who is solely responsible for the care of self and child or children (see Chapter 4).
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 57). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Blended (i.e., remarried, step) family
A family created when two people marry and at least one of them was married previously and has a child or children (see Chapter 4).
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 57). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Dual-career family:
families in which BOTH marital partners are engaged in WORK that is DEVELOPMENTAL in sequence and to which they have a high COMMITTMENT
A substantial number of these couples are known as DINKs (dual income, no kids).
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 57). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
spillover
The extent to which participation in one domain like work affects participation in another domain like the family
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Child-free family
couples who consciously decide overtime to NOT HAVE children or who remain childfree as result of CHANCE (such as marrying late) or BIOLOGY(infertility).
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Special-needs or developmentally disabled–child or children family
A family with a special-needs or developmentally disabled child
has many challenges, depending on whether the needs are a result of disabilities that are intellectual, physical, or both (Grossman & Okun, 2009).
Such families must continuously interact with outside systems, for example, medical, psychological, and special services.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) family
This type of family is made up of a same-sex couple without children or with children from a previous marriage, adoption, or as a result of artificial insemination.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Aging family
one headed by someone 65 years old or older.
The issues are health, hardiness (i.e., control or personal efficacy), the transition to retirement, widowhood, sexual dysfunction, dealing with adult children, grandparenting, imparting wisdom, and the long-lived nature of the marriage
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Multigenerational family
This type of family is made up of households that include a child, a parent, and a grandparent
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 59). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Grandparent-headed family
taking care of their children’s children were doing so as a result of “their own child’s divorce, substance abuse, neglect or abandonment of parenting duties, teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, unemployment, incarceration, or mental health problems”
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 59). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Military family
face special problems due to the nature of the work military personnel perform and the frequency of moves that military families have to make. Every few years military families face the challenge of finding support, making adjustments, and building or rebuilding relationships and a sense of community
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 59). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Health
the interactive process associated with positive relationships and outcomes.
Health involves ethical accountability, such as promoting good relationships and balancing the give and take among members
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 61). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Eight healthy families characteristics:
- COMMITMENT to the family and its individuals.
- APPRECIATION for each other (i.e., a social connection).
- Willingness to SPEND TIME TOGETHER
- Effective COMMUNICATIONS patterns.
- A high degree of RELIGIOUS/SPIRITUAL ORIENTATION
- Ability to deal with a CRISIS POSITIVELY
- ENCOURAGEMENT of individuals.
- CLEAR ROLES
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 62). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
intergenerational coalitions
members from different generations, such as a mother and daughter, colluding as a team
conflictual triangles
two individuals arguing over and interacting in regard to a third person instead of attending to their relationship
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 65). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Vertical stressors
stressors that bring PAST and PRESENT issues to bear reciprocally, such as
family attitudes, expectations, secrets, and legacies.
These stressors are HISTORICAL and INHERITED from previous generations.
Horizontal stressors
Stressors that are aspects of life that relate to the PRESENT that are DEVELOPMENTAL and UNFOLDING
Examples: cohabitation or marriage at an early age, teenage pregnancy, and financial insecurity.
Many are predictable and expected, including life cycle transitions
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 66). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
developmental stressors
age and life-stage related
situational stressors
interpersonal, such as dealing with feelings
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 67). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
unexpected events in their life cycle
HAPPENSTANCE: an umbrella term used to refer to all the random, chance circumstances of life, some fortunate and others not
Physical/psychological TRAUMA: When events of chance or happenstance take an unusually destructive and life-threatening or life-ending turn, families may find themselves suffering the effects of physical or psychological trauma.
SUCCESS and FAILURE: both unsettling events for individuals and families.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 69). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Three common family organizational forms are
SYMMETRICAL / COMPLEMENTARY
CENTRIPETAL / CENTRIFUGAL
COHESIVE / ADAPTABLE
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
symmetrical relationship
relationship where each partner is versatile and tries to become competent in doing necessary or needed tasks
For example, either a man or a woman can work outside the home or take care of children.
This family organization is also known as a POSTGENDER relationship
Difficulty in a symmetrical relationship occurs when partners do not minimize differences and instead compete with each other, or when one member of the relationship is not skilled in performing a necessary task
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
complementary relationship
family member roles are defined more rigidly, and differences are maximized.
If members fail to do their tasks, other members of the family are adversely affected.
Sometimes this type of family is organized around traditional gender roles.
If these roles become stereotyped, the relationship’s stability and satisfaction will suffer
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pe
parallel relationships
both complementary and symmetrical exchanges occur as appropriate.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
centripetal
(directed toward a center) is used to describe a tendency to move toward family closeness.
centrifugal
(directed away from a center) is used to describe the tendency to move away from the family (i.e., family disengagement). In all families, periods of both closeness and distance occur during the individual and family life cycles. Some of these periods “coincide with shifts between family development tasks that require intense bonding or an inside-the-family focus,” such as in families with young children, and tasks that emphasize “personal identity and autonomy,” such as launching children
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 71). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
family cohesion
emotional bonding
Cohesion ranges from low to high on the following four levels: (1) disengaged, (2) separated, (3) connected, and (4) enmeshed.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 72). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
family adaptability
the ability to be flexible and change
Adaptability ranges from a low to a high dimension on categories characterized as
(1) rigid
(2) structured
(3) flexible
(4) chaotic.
Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES).
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 73). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
This scale is based on the circumplex model of family functioning i.e. adaptability and cohesion
Hill’s ABCX model
illustrates whether an event is a crisis
A represents the STRESSOR EVENT that happens to the family,
B represents the RESOURCES at the family’s disposal, and
C represents the MEANING the family attaches to the experience.
X is the COMBINED EFFECT of these factors (i.e., the crisis).
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 73). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Double ABCX model
provides a theoretical framework for understanding the complex interaction between situations in a family that involve more than one event.
builds on Hill’s ABCX model but focuses on family resolutions over time rather than those geared to a single happening.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 74). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
Two levels of change can work for families, but they need to be employed at different times for different situations.
- FIRST ORDER CHANGE: superficial nature. This type of change is appropriate in such situations.
- SECOND ORDER CHANGE: The dynamics of second-order change result in a meta change, a changing of rules. In this process, a new set of rules and behaviors is introduced into the existing behavioral repertoire, often in an abrupt way (Burgess & Hinkle, 1993). The outcome is that a qualitatively new type of behavior appears.
Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 75). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.
