Chapter 2 Flashcards
family
family as 2 or more people (one of whom is the householder) related by BIRTH, MARRIAGE, or ADOPTION residing in the same housing unit (US Census Bureau)
those persons who are BIOLOGICALLY and/or PSYCHOLOGICALLY related, and are connected by HISTORY, EMOTION, or ECONOMICS bonds, and perceive themselves as a part of a household.
system
interacting set of units, parts, or persons that make up a whole arrangement or organization.
Each unit, part, or person in the system is affected by whatever happens to others within the arrangement
Cybernetics
systems that REGULATE themselves though FEEBACK LOOPS
A family stabilizes and maintains its homeostasis (equilibrium) through cybernetics
Feedback
the communication process within a system.
Feedback loops
keep behaviors in check or promote change
negative feedback loop / attenuating feedback loop
a loop that promotes a return to equilibrium
positive / amplifying feedback loop
lead to a change in the system and to more trust and less difficulty in the relationship over time.
Development
predictable PHYSICAL, MENTAL, and SOCIAL changes over life that occur in relationship to the environment
Individual time
the span of life between one’s birth and death.
Social time
is characterized by LANDMARK SOCIAL EVENTS such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
Historical time
the era in which people live
the culture.
It consists of forces that affect and shape humanity at a particular point in time, such as during economic depression or war.
life cycle
describe life events.
A life cycle represents an active way to conceptually picture time in human development because it denotes the continuous development of people over time in multiple contexts of their lives.
Erikson’s Stage 1 Trust vs. mistrust
Age 1
Emphasis on satisfying basic physical and emotional needs
Erickson’s Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Years 2–3
Emphasis on exploration and developing self-reliance
Erickson’s Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt
Years 4–5
Emphasis on achieving a sense of competence and initiative
Erickson’s Stage 4 Industry vs. inferiority
6-12
Emphasis on setting and attaining personal goals
Erickson’s Stage 5 Identity vs. role confusion
Years 12–18
Emphasis on testing limits and achieving a self-identity
Erickson’s Stage 6 Intimacy vs. isolation
(18–35)
Emphasis on achieving intimate interpersonal relationships
Erickson’s Stage 7. Generativity vs. stagnation
Years 35–65
Emphasis on helping the next generation and on being productive
Erickson’s Stage 8 Integrity vs. despair
65+
Emphasis on integrating life activities and feeling worthwhile
The Family Life Cycle
describe DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN THE FAMILY over time
Inherent in this model is TENSION between the person as an individual and the family as a system.
McGoldrick et al. (2016) outline a six-stage cycle of the intact middle-class, nuclear family
(1) single YOUNG adults leaving home;
(2) the NEW COUPLE;
(3) FAM with YOUNG CHILDREN
(4) FAM with ADOLESCENTS
(5) FAM LAUNCHING CHILDREN and moving on; and
(6) FAM LATER in life
How do Individual and Family Life Cycles Overlap and Relate?
- Each focus on growth and development.
- both be viewed as a system and from the perspective of systems.
- they are complementary and competitive
the combination of the life cycles of a therapist and family can combine in three major ways:
“(1) the therapist has not yet experienced the family’s stage;
(2) the therapist is currently experiencing the same stage of the life cycle as the family; and
(3) the therapist has already been through that stage of the life cycle”
Chronic illnesses go through four phases
- CRISIS - “basic task is to deal with the immediate symptoms, pain, or trauma associated with this new experience of illness”
- STABILIZATION - the basic task is to stabilize and restructure life patterns and perceptions
- RESOLUTION, - basic task is to develop a new sense of self and to seek a personally meaningful philosophy of life and spirituality consistent with it
- INTEGRATION - the basic task is to find appropriate employment if able to work, to reintegrate or form supportive networks of friends and family, and to integrate one’s illness within a spiritual or philosophical framework
Family Life Cycle 1: Single Young Adults
tasks: to develop personal autonomy, leave home, establish a career, and develop a support group.
Family Life Cycle 2: The New Couple
tasks: to adjust and adapt and learn to share with a partner.
Family Life Cycle 3: Families with Young Children
Task: to adjust the time, energy, and personal schedules to take care of children, self and other relationships
Family Life Cycle 4: Families with Adolescents
Task: to physically and psychologically take care of self, the couple relationship, child/children, and aging parents and successfully handle increased family tension and conflict.
Family Life Cycle 5: Families Launching Children & Moving On
tasks: to rediscover each other as a couple, deal with midlife events and encourage their children to be independent.
Families in later life
tasks: to adjust to aging, loss of a spouse, and decreased energy.
