Chapter 2

Question 1

family

Answer 1

family as 2 or more people (one of whom is the householder) related by BIRTH, MARRIAGE, or ADOPTION residing in the same housing unit (US Census Bureau)

those persons who are BIOLOGICALLY and/or PSYCHOLOGICALLY related, and are connected by HISTORY, EMOTION, or ECONOMICS bonds, and perceive themselves as a part of a household.

Question 2

system

Answer 2

interacting set of units, parts, or persons that make up a whole arrangement or organization.

Each unit, part, or person in the system is affected by whatever happens to others within the arrangement

Question 3

Cybernetics

Answer 3

systems that REGULATE themselves though FEEBACK LOOPS

A family stabilizes and maintains its homeostasis (equilibrium) through cybernetics

Question 4

Feedback

Answer 4

the communication process within a system.

Question 5

Feedback loops

Answer 5

keep behaviors in check or promote change

Question 6

negative feedback loop / attenuating feedback loop

Answer 6

a loop that promotes a return to equilibrium

Question 7

positive / amplifying feedback loop

Answer 7

lead to a change in the system and to more trust and less difficulty in the relationship over time.

Question 8

Development

Answer 8

predictable PHYSICAL, MENTAL, and SOCIAL changes over life that occur in relationship to the environment

Question 9

Individual time

Answer 9

the span of life between one’s birth and death.

Question 10

Social time

Answer 10

is characterized by LANDMARK SOCIAL EVENTS such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

Question 11

Historical time

Answer 11

the era in which people live

the culture.

It consists of forces that affect and shape humanity at a particular point in time, such as during economic depression or war.

Question 12

life cycle

Answer 12

describe life events.

A life cycle represents an active way to conceptually picture time in human development because it denotes the continuous development of people over time in multiple contexts of their lives.

Question 13

Erikson’s Stage 1 Trust vs. mistrust

Answer 13

Age 1

Emphasis on satisfying basic physical and emotional needs

Question 14

Erickson’s Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Answer 14

Years 2–3

Emphasis on exploration and developing self-reliance

Question 15

Erickson’s Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 15

Years 4–5

Emphasis on achieving a sense of competence and initiative

Question 16

Erickson’s Stage 4 Industry vs. inferiority

Answer 16

6-12

Emphasis on setting and attaining personal goals

Question 17

Erickson’s Stage 5 Identity vs. role confusion

Answer 17

Years 12–18

Emphasis on testing limits and achieving a self-identity

Question 18

Erickson’s Stage 6 Intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 18

(18–35)

Emphasis on achieving intimate interpersonal relationships

Question 19

Erickson’s Stage 7. Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 19

Years 35–65

Emphasis on helping the next generation and on being productive

Question 20

Erickson’s Stage 8 Integrity vs. despair

Answer 20

65+

Emphasis on integrating life activities and feeling worthwhile

Question 21

The Family Life Cycle

Answer 21

describe DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN THE FAMILY over time

Inherent in this model is TENSION between the person as an individual and the family as a system.

Question 22

McGoldrick et al. (2016) outline a six-stage cycle of the intact middle-class, nuclear family

Answer 22

(1) single YOUNG adults leaving home;
(2) the NEW COUPLE;
(3) FAM with YOUNG CHILDREN
(4) FAM with ADOLESCENTS
(5) FAM LAUNCHING CHILDREN and moving on; and
(6) FAM LATER in life

Question 23

How do Individual and Family Life Cycles Overlap and Relate?

Answer 23

1. Each focus on growth and development.
2. both be viewed as a system and from the perspective of systems.
3. they are complementary and competitive

Question 24

the combination of the life cycles of a therapist and family can combine in three major ways:

Answer 24

“(1) the therapist has not yet experienced the family’s stage;

(2) the therapist is currently experiencing the same stage of the life cycle as the family; and
(3) the therapist has already been through that stage of the life cycle”

Question 25

Chronic illnesses go through four phases

Answer 25

1. CRISIS - “basic task is to deal with the immediate symptoms, pain, or trauma associated with this new experience of illness”
2. STABILIZATION - the basic task is to stabilize and restructure life patterns and perceptions
3. RESOLUTION, - basic task is to develop a new sense of self and to seek a personally meaningful philosophy of life and spirituality consistent with it
4. INTEGRATION - the basic task is to find appropriate employment if able to work, to reintegrate or form supportive networks of friends and family, and to integrate one’s illness within a spiritual or philosophical framework

Question 26

Family Life Cycle 1: Single Young Adults

Answer 26

tasks: to develop personal autonomy, leave home, establish a career, and develop a support group.

Question 27

Family Life Cycle 2: The New Couple

Answer 27

tasks: to adjust and adapt and learn to share with a partner.

Question 28

Family Life Cycle 3: Families with Young Children

Answer 28

Task: to adjust the time, energy, and personal schedules to take care of children, self and other relationships

Question 29

Family Life Cycle 4: Families with Adolescents

Answer 29

Task: to physically and psychologically take care of self, the couple relationship, child/children, and aging parents and successfully handle increased family tension and conflict.

Question 30

Family Life Cycle 5: Families Launching Children & Moving On

Answer 30

tasks: to rediscover each other as a couple, deal with midlife events and encourage their children to be independent.

Question 31

Families in later life

Answer 31

tasks: to adjust to aging, loss of a spouse, and decreased energy.