Chapter 3

Question 1

three systems involved in speech production

Answer 1

respiratory, laryngeal and supralaryngeal

Question 2

respiratory
lungs:
more air needed for ?
breathing:

Answer 2

air inhaled into lungs, then exhaled
speech than breathing
50% inhalation ; 50% exhalation

Question 3

speaking:
thoracic (chest) cavity:
-expands to ?
-relaxes to ?

Answer 3

10% inhalation/ 90% exhalation
allow air into lungs (inhalation)
allow air out of lungs (exhalation)

Question 4

diaphragm:
muscle ?
raises during?
trachea (windpipe): tube that connects

Answer 4

below lungs lowers to create space for lungs
-exhalation

lungs with larynx

Question 5

Laryngeal System 
larynx (voice box) 
-
-attached to 
-attached to 
-contains

Answer 5

muscles and cartilage

• trachea below
• hyoid bone above
• vocal folds

Question 6

vocal folds:
folds of ?
air passes?
used in ?

Answer 6

tissue (mostly muscle)

• between vocal folds causing their vibration = phonation
• production of voiced sounds

Question 7

folds together?
folds apart?
pitch of voice determined by
vocal folds vibrate because of ?

Answer 7

adduction
abduction
rate of vibration of vocal folds
?

Question 8

1.

2. Bernoulli effect

Answer 8

elasticity

air passing between vocal folds creates vacuum bringing folds together

Question 9

supralaryngeal system a.k.a?
pharynx (throat)
-provides much of the ?
nasal cavity:

Answer 9

vocal tract
resonance, or prolongation of sound, throughout vocal tract
-from nostrils to pharynx

Question 10

oral cavity:
articulators: (most in?) used in production of ?
change shape of ?

Answer 10

from lips to pharynx
oral cavity/ phonemes
vocal tract and therefore sound (eg oral vs oral +nasal cavities)

Question 11

coming together of articulators (?) also creates ?
labial sounds (?)
-bilabial(?) =
labiodental (?) =

Answer 11

constriction/ turbulence in airstream
lips
-two lips =/p,b/ (stops) /m/ (nasal) /w/ (glide)
-lower lip+upper teeth= /f,v/ (fricative)

Question 12

dental sounds (?)
interdental (?)
labiodental
assists in production of ?

Answer 12

teeth
tongue between upper and lower teeth = /Ø,… / (fricatives)
/s,z/ - air hits back of teeth

Question 13

alveolar sounds (?)

• bony ridge ?
• tongue tip contacts ridge for ?
• tongue tip comes close to ridge for ?

Answer 13

alveolar ridge
-behind upper teeth containing sockets of teeth
/t,d/ (stops) and /l/ (liquid/lateral liquid)
-/s,z/ (fricatives)

Question 14

palatal sounds (?)
separates ?
blade of tongue creates?
blade of tongue approximates plate for?

Answer 14

hard palate
oral cavity from nasal cavity
turbulence for /??????
/r,j/

Question 15

velar sounds ?
posterior to ?
raises to ? =
difficulty=

Answer 15

velum/soft palate
hard palate
-close nasal cavity off from oral cavity for oral sounds = velopharyngeal closure
velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)

Question 16

lowers for ?
back of tongue contacts velum for ?
posterior tip of velum =

Answer 16

nasal sounds (//m,n,???/)
/k,g/ (stops) and /???/ (nasal)
uvula

Question 17

lingual sounds ?
most sounds involve ?
attached to ?
landmarks ?

Answer 17

tongue
tongue (all english vowels)
movements of lower jaw
?

Question 18

glottal sounds ?
vocal folds come together to ?
vocal folds create turbulence for ?

Answer 18

stop flow of air for glottal stop (/???/)

/h/