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Phonetics > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phonetics

A

the study of speech production and perception

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2
Q

speech production is largely

A

automatic/subconscious

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3
Q

Experimental phonetics

A

laboratory study of physiological, acoustic and perceptual phonetics

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4
Q

clinical phonetics

A

study and transcription of abnormal speech production

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5
Q

phonology

A

rules governing the use of speech sounds in formulation of language

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6
Q

International phonetic alphabet:

allows for ?

A

represents sounds of words not their spelling

consistent and reliable representation of speech sound production

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7
Q

No ?

A

one to one relationship between spelling and pronunciation

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8
Q

reflects?

26 letter but?

A

language of origin

many more sounds

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9
Q

morpheme:

A

smallest unit of meaning capable of carrying meaning

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10
Q

free morpheme:
bound morpheme
-often but dont always ?

A

morphemes that can stand alone
morphemes that cannot stand alone
change the pronunciation of a free morpheme

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11
Q

Phoneme:

morphemes consist of

A

a speech sound that changes the meaning of a word - changes the morpheme
a string of phonemes

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12
Q

changing a phoneme ALWAYS

A

changes the meaning of a word

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13
Q

words that differ by only one phoneme

A

minimal pairs

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14
Q

International phonetic Alphabet consists of ?
can therefore be used to transcribe ?
each symbol represents ?

A

symbols used in ALL languages of the world
ALL languages of the world
-one specific speech sound

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15
Q

Allophones:

each phoneme is in fact?

A

a family of sounds

eg: Lot and ball
- different allophones of l phoneme

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16
Q

Changing allophones ?

A

does not change the meaning of words

17
Q

Certain allophones MUST?
example?
they are therefore in?

A 
be used in certain contexts 
K in keep and K in coop
first K precedes unrounded vowels 
second K precedes rounded vowels 
complementary distribution
18
Q

another example of allophones in complementary distribution

A

T in top versus stop
first t aspirated
second t is unaspirated

19
Q

some allophones are ?
example
they are therefore in

A

interchangeable
P in top
can release or not release
free variation

20
Q

Phonemic transcription involves transcribing only ?
not concerned with
uses?

A

phonemes AKA broad transcription
allophones
uses slashes

21
Q

Phonetic transcription involves ? AKA

uses?

A

transcribing allophones
- narrow transcription or allophonic transcription
uses brackets

22
Q

syllables are ?
syllables consist of ?
onset:
onset may contain ?

A

basic building blocks of words
onset and rhyme
all consonants that precede a vowel
one or many consonants (consonant cluster)

23
Q

syllables may not contain ?
rhyme consists of ?
rhyme consists of ?
nucleus ?

A

an onset
everything after the onset
nucleus and a coda
typically a vowel

24
Q

in some cases nucleus is?
example? —->
coda:
coda may contain ?

A

a consonant
paddle (syllabic consonants)
ALL consonants that follow nucleus
consonant cluster

25
Q

syllables may not contain coda?

syllables with a coda?

A

open syllables

closed syllables

26
Q

word stress
in words with more than one syllable, one of the syllables has ?
this syllable carries?
stressed syllables are?

A 
more emphasis than than the others 
word stress 
1. longer in duration 
2. louder
3. sometimes higher in pitch
27
Q

on syllable carries ? while others may carry?
primary stress marked with ? placed at?
example?
stress very important in being able to ?

A

primary stress/ secondary stress
‘ / beginning of stressed syllable
re’lax
understand what someone is saying

28
Q 
stress patterns differ among? 
difficult for those learning english to ? 
stress can alter ? of certain words 
examples ?
in these cases, noun has ? verb has ?
A

languages of the world
learn stress patterns
word class (type of word : noun, verb, etc) of certain words
‘permit vs. per’mit
first syllable stress/second syllable stress

29
Q

what are three ways to enter IPA symbols form a unicode font into a document

A
  1. make use of software that that creates an alternate keyboard layout
  2. enter code point for each IPA symbol
  3. insert each symbol individually by using character maps as part of windows/mac operating systems
30
Q

dialect

A

variation of speech based on geographical area , native language background, and social or ethnic group

31
Q

graphemes

A

printed letters

32
Q

is the roman alphabet phonetic?

A

no

33
Q

diagraphs

A

pairs of letters that represent one sound

Phonetics (4 decks)

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