Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

the study of speech production and perception

Question 2

speech production is largely

Answer 2

automatic/subconscious

Question 3

Experimental phonetics

Answer 3

laboratory study of physiological, acoustic and perceptual phonetics

Question 4

clinical phonetics

Answer 4

study and transcription of abnormal speech production

Question 5

phonology

Answer 5

rules governing the use of speech sounds in formulation of language

Question 6

International phonetic alphabet:

allows for ?

Answer 6

represents sounds of words not their spelling

consistent and reliable representation of speech sound production

Question 7

No ?

Answer 7

one to one relationship between spelling and pronunciation

Question 8

reflects?

26 letter but?

Answer 8

language of origin

many more sounds

Question 9

morpheme:

Answer 9

smallest unit of meaning capable of carrying meaning

Question 10

free morpheme:
bound morpheme
-often but dont always ?

Answer 10

morphemes that can stand alone
morphemes that cannot stand alone
change the pronunciation of a free morpheme

Question 11

Phoneme:

morphemes consist of

Answer 11

a speech sound that changes the meaning of a word - changes the morpheme
a string of phonemes

Question 12

changing a phoneme ALWAYS

Answer 12

changes the meaning of a word

Question 13

words that differ by only one phoneme

Answer 13

minimal pairs

Question 14

International phonetic Alphabet consists of ?
can therefore be used to transcribe ?
each symbol represents ?

Answer 14

symbols used in ALL languages of the world
ALL languages of the world
-one specific speech sound

Question 15

Allophones:

each phoneme is in fact?

Answer 15

a family of sounds

eg: Lot and ball
- different allophones of l phoneme

Question 16

Changing allophones ?

Answer 16

does not change the meaning of words

Question 17

Certain allophones MUST?
example?
they are therefore in?

Answer 17

be used in certain contexts 
K in keep and K in coop
first K precedes unrounded vowels 
second K precedes rounded vowels 
complementary distribution

Question 18

another example of allophones in complementary distribution

Answer 18

T in top versus stop
first t aspirated
second t is unaspirated

Question 19

some allophones are ?
example
they are therefore in

Answer 19

interchangeable
P in top
can release or not release
free variation

Question 20

Phonemic transcription involves transcribing only ?
not concerned with
uses?

Answer 20

phonemes AKA broad transcription
allophones
uses slashes

Question 21

Phonetic transcription involves ? AKA

uses?

Answer 21

transcribing allophones
- narrow transcription or allophonic transcription
uses brackets

Question 22

syllables are ?
syllables consist of ?
onset:
onset may contain ?

Answer 22

basic building blocks of words
onset and rhyme
all consonants that precede a vowel
one or many consonants (consonant cluster)

Question 23

syllables may not contain ?
rhyme consists of ?
rhyme consists of ?
nucleus ?

Answer 23

an onset
everything after the onset
nucleus and a coda
typically a vowel

Question 24

in some cases nucleus is?
example? —->
coda:
coda may contain ?

Answer 24

a consonant
paddle (syllabic consonants)
ALL consonants that follow nucleus
consonant cluster

Question 25

syllables may not contain coda? | syllables with a coda?

Answer 25

open syllables | closed syllables

Question 26

word stress in words with more than one syllable, one of the syllables has ? this syllable carries? stressed syllables are?

Answer 26

``` more emphasis than than the others word stress 1. longer in duration 2. louder 3. sometimes higher in pitch ```

Question 27

on syllable carries ? while others may carry? primary stress marked with ? placed at? example? stress very important in being able to ?

Answer 27

primary stress/ secondary stress ' / beginning of stressed syllable re'lax understand what someone is saying

Question 28

``` stress patterns differ among? difficult for those learning english to ? stress can alter ? of certain words examples ? in these cases, noun has ? verb has ? ```

Answer 28

languages of the world learn stress patterns word class (type of word : noun, verb, etc) of certain words 'permit vs. per'mit first syllable stress/second syllable stress

Question 29

what are three ways to enter IPA symbols form a unicode font into a document

Answer 29

1. make use of software that that creates an alternate keyboard layout 2. enter code point for each IPA symbol 3. insert each symbol individually by using character maps as part of windows/mac operating systems

Question 30

dialect

Answer 30

variation of speech based on geographical area , native language background, and social or ethnic group

Question 31

graphemes

Answer 31

printed letters

Question 32

is the roman alphabet phonetic?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

diagraphs

Answer 33

pairs of letters that represent one sound