Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1180 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The atmosphere can be divided by…

A
  1. Composition
  2. Function
  3. Temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the categories for COMPOSITION:

A

HOMOSPHERE (bottom/ under 80k)
- Same composition of gases (nitrogen, oxygen, etc)

HETEROSPHERE (top part/ above 80k)
- Different elevations men different gasses. Heaviest at the bottom, lightest at top.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the categories for FUNCTION:

A

OZONOSPHERE

IONOSPHERE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the categories for TEMPERATURE:

A

THERMOSPHERE

STRATOSPHERE

MESOSPHERE

TROPOSPHERE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Photochemical Smog

A

Result of the interaction of sunlight and the combustion products in automobile exhaust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PARTICULATE MATTER

A

diverse mixture of fine particles, both solid and liquid, that pollute the air and affect human health.

examples: haze, smoke, dust, sulfate aerosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Black carbon / Soot

A

an aerosol having devastation health effects in developing countries

  • absorbs heat in the atmosphere and changes the reflectivity of surfaces such as snow and ice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Haze

A

concentration of microscopic particles and air pollution that diminishes clarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Air

A

simple mixture of gases that is naturally odorless, colorless, tasteless, formless, blended so thoroughly that it behaves as if it were a single gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extent of the Atmosphere

A

480km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Natural by-product of life, a variable gas that is increasing rapidly

  • absorbs radiation, warming the earth
  • too little causes global cooling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Air pressure

A

Air molecules create air pressure (through their motion, size and number,) exerting forces on all surfaces they come in contact with

  • measured in force per unit area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are CFC’s bad for the ozone layer?

A

Chlorofluorocarbons react with UV light to release chlorine which then destroys ozone molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insolation

A
  • Exposure to the sun’s rays

- Intercepted solar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HETEROSPHERE

A

80km-480km altitude

Gases are not evenly mixed. They occur in distinct layers sorted by gravity according to their atomic weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HOMOSPHERE

A

Earth’s Surface - 80km altitude

With exception of the ozone layer and variations in pollution, and water vapour in the lower atmosphere, it is composed of a near uniform mixture of gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gases in the Homosphere (5)

A

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Argon

Carbon Dioxide

Trace Gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

THERMOSPHERE

A

80-480 km in altitude

Temperatures increase with altitude

1200 °C + temperatures, but not “hot”

Height depends on solar activity (less solar activity = lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MESOSPHERE

A

50-80 km altitude

Temperatures decrease with altitude.

Cosmic + meteoric dust provide nuclei for ice crystals to form. (notillucent clouds)

Extremely low pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

STRATOSPHERE

A

18 - 50 km altitude

Contains the OZONE LAYER

Temperatures increase with altitude

21
Q

TROPOSPHERE

A

Sea Level - 18 km altitude

  • Thickness controlled by surface temperatures (18 km at equator, 8km at poles)
  • temperatures decrease with altitude (normal lapse rate which is 6.4 °C)
  • Mixing of air of troposphere and stratosphere is prevented because troposphere is cooler, denser than stratosphere which is warmer, less dense
22
Q

Tropopause

A

Occurs wherever -57°c in the troposphere is measured.

23
Q

Mesopause

A

averaging at –90°C, the coldest part of the atmosphere.

24
Q

Stratopause temperature

A

0°C

25
Q

Thermopause

A

Approximately 480 km in altitude that serves conceptually as the top of the atmosphere

26
Q

“-pause”

A

Where one layer of the atmosphere ends and another begins. Generally defined by temperature change.

27
Q

Normal Lapse Rate

A

The average rate of temperature decrease with increasing altitude in the lower atmosphere

aprox 6.5 C°/km

28
Q

Environmental Lapse Rate

A

The actual rate of temperature decrease with increasing altitude in the lower atmosphere at any particular time and place.

varies between 5-12C°/km

29
Q

Temperature Inversion

A

Occurs when the normal temperature, which usually decreases with altitude (normal lapse rate), reverses trend and begins to increase at some point.

30
Q

Cause of Temperature Inversion

A

Cold dense air has warmer less dense air overlying it.

This stops mixing and the air in the lower portion becomes trapped (in an inversion layer).

Pollutants are trapped beneath the inversion.

31
Q

Ozonosphere

A

Ozone layer
Responsible for the absorption of harmful UV rays
- three oxygen molecules
- UVB and UVA are absorbed and reradiated as infared rays

32
Q

Ozone

A

Ozone is a highly reactive oxygen molecule made up of three oxygen atoms (O3) instead of the usual two atoms (O2) that make up oxygen gas.

33
Q

Function of Ozone

A

Ozone absorbs…
100% of UVC
90% UVB
50% of UVA

34
Q

3 types of UV

A

UVA
UVB
UVC

35
Q

Dobson Unit (DU)

A

Measure of the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere,

36
Q

Global average dobson Unit

A

300,000DU

37
Q

Dobson Unit Value where we consider it a ‘hole in the ozone’

A

Under 220,000 DU

38
Q

What harms the ozone layer?

A

Compounds containing Chlorine and Bromine (eg. Chlorofluorocarbons)

39
Q

Science of Ozone Depletion chemistry

A

Cl + O3—-uv—-> ClO+ O2
and
ClO+ O3—-uv—-> Cl+ 2O2

40
Q

The process of ozone depletion through the chemical reaction with Chlorine is an example of…

A

a positive feedback loop

41
Q

The ozone depletion reaction is assisted by the

A

Sun

42
Q

Ozone depletion explained

A

Occurs when CFC’s and sunlight react, breaking down Ozone, causing a hole in the ozone layer.

43
Q

Special conditions of Ozone depletion reaction

A

Extremely Low temperatures (Conditions for Polar Stratospheric Clouds)

UV (sunlight)

Solid Surface

44
Q

Polar Stratospheric Clouds

A

Clouds made up of small particles of ice (ice crystals). They provide the solid surface required for the two ozone depleting chemical reactions to occur.

45
Q

Antarctic Vortex

A

High velocity of wind that circulates around Antarctica.

It contains the highest concentration of CFCS (they get sucks in). Locus of the worst destruction of the ozone.

46
Q

Worst ozone damage occurs when?

A

September, when there is the perfect conditions for a combination of lots of sun and low temperatures.

47
Q

“Bad Ozone”

A

Ground level ozone is a highly unstable gas.

It damages plants, and irritates human eyes, nose and throats

48
Q

Exosphere

A

An extremely rarefied outer atmospheric halo beyond the thermopause at an altitude of 480 km

1180 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions