CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

1
Q

serrations

A

small sharp bumps on a tooth that are arranged in a line that usually runs from the tip to the base of the tooth.

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2
Q

a type of herbivore that only eats fruit

A

Frugivore, usually have a sharp and hooked beak

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3
Q

a type of carnivore that only eats fish

A

piscivore, have tall, sharp, conical teeth that usually lack serrations.

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4
Q

a type of carnivore that only eats bugs.

A

insectivore, have sharp piercing teeth. some insectivore don’t have any teeth at all.

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5
Q

durophagy

A

extremely powerful jaws that are able to break bones when eating.

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6
Q

omnivores

A

eat both meat and plants. usually have either unspecialized teeth OR a variety of teeth with different shapes.

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7
Q

resorption

A

the chemical process by which dinosaurs break down their own teeth and bones so that the minerals can be reused.

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8
Q

dental batteries

A

arrangements of densely packed teeth that collectively from a single, large chewing surface.

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9
Q

which two groups have dental batteries

A

hadrosaurs and ceratopsians

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10
Q

the two types of hard tissue that make up teeth

A

enamel which covers the outside of the tooth, and Dentine which is on the inside of a tooth

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11
Q

Are the dental batteries of ceratopsians and hadrosaurs related

A

No, they evolved separately and do not share a common ancestor.

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12
Q

gastroliths

A

small stones that are swallowed to help with digestion of plant material. Gastroliths are also a cololite.

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13
Q

dromeosaurs

A

a group of theropod dinosaurs with thin tails supported by special rod like projections of their caudal vertebrae.

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14
Q

spinosaurs

A

a group of theropods that were thought to be piscivores because of their conical, shape teeth with few to no serrations.

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15
Q

cololites

A

cololites are fossil gut contents

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16
Q

coprolites

A

fossil shit/poop

17
Q

which part of a tooth is shed? and why

A

The top or crown of the tooth because the root of the tooth has been reabsorbed for minerals and nutrients.

18
Q

Cellulose

A

A tough material from plants which cannot be digested and needs the help from bacteria found within the stomach.

19
Q

what is a way for some herbivores to deal with cellulose?

A

dental batteries.

20
Q

why are dental batteries uneven?

A

Different hard tissues are found down at a slightly different rate.

21
Q

Ceratopsians and their dental batteries.

A
  • Dental battery is almost vertical.

- Slide together like scissor blades, with one opposing lateral side of the teeth is doing most of the work.

22
Q

Hadrosaurs and their dental batteries.

A
  • Angled downwards, but still mostly horizontal.

- move their jaws backwards and forwards and side to side as well.

23
Q

Inset teeth function

A

Inset teeth probably helped make room for large cheeks which are used for holding food while an animal chews.

24
Q

Inset teeth

A

the teeth in dental batteries are inset in the the are positioned close to the tongue.

25
which dinosaurs has high ribcages and gastroliths.
ankylosaurs and sauropods
26
Gastric mill.
A special stone-filled digesting organ located near the stomach.
27
What do gastric mills help with?
Gastric mills help with toothless animals to breakdown and digest their food.
28
Two kinds of Dramaeosaurs
Velociraptor and troodontid, both with serrated teeth and large sickle-shaped claw on each foot.
29
why did dramaeosaurs keep their sickle claw of the ground
To keep it sharp and prevent ware.
30
Alvarezsaurs
- A group of small theropods with short front limbs and compact hands. - Alvarezasaurs are thought to have been insectivores - reduced teeth and short, but strong, front limbs.
31
which dinosaur are cololites known from
micro raptor (dromaeosaur), diverse diet,