CHAPTER 3

Question 1

serrations

Answer 1

small sharp bumps on a tooth that are arranged in a line that usually runs from the tip to the base of the tooth.

Question 2

a type of herbivore that only eats fruit

Answer 2

Frugivore, usually have a sharp and hooked beak

Question 3

a type of carnivore that only eats fish

Answer 3

piscivore, have tall, sharp, conical teeth that usually lack serrations.

Question 4

a type of carnivore that only eats bugs.

Answer 4

insectivore, have sharp piercing teeth. some insectivore don’t have any teeth at all.

Question 5

durophagy

Answer 5

extremely powerful jaws that are able to break bones when eating.

Question 6

omnivores

Answer 6

eat both meat and plants. usually have either unspecialized teeth OR a variety of teeth with different shapes.

Question 7

resorption

Answer 7

the chemical process by which dinosaurs break down their own teeth and bones so that the minerals can be reused.

Question 8

dental batteries

Answer 8

arrangements of densely packed teeth that collectively from a single, large chewing surface.

Question 9

which two groups have dental batteries

Answer 9

hadrosaurs and ceratopsians

Question 10

the two types of hard tissue that make up teeth

Answer 10

enamel which covers the outside of the tooth, and Dentine which is on the inside of a tooth

Question 11

Are the dental batteries of ceratopsians and hadrosaurs related

Answer 11

No, they evolved separately and do not share a common ancestor.

Question 12

gastroliths

Answer 12

small stones that are swallowed to help with digestion of plant material. Gastroliths are also a cololite.

Question 13

dromeosaurs

Answer 13

a group of theropod dinosaurs with thin tails supported by special rod like projections of their caudal vertebrae.

Question 14

spinosaurs

Answer 14

a group of theropods that were thought to be piscivores because of their conical, shape teeth with few to no serrations.

Question 15

cololites

Answer 15

cololites are fossil gut contents

Question 16

coprolites

Answer 16

fossil shit/poop

Question 17

which part of a tooth is shed? and why

Answer 17

The top or crown of the tooth because the root of the tooth has been reabsorbed for minerals and nutrients.

Question 18

Cellulose

Answer 18

A tough material from plants which cannot be digested and needs the help from bacteria found within the stomach.

Question 19

what is a way for some herbivores to deal with cellulose?

Answer 19

dental batteries.

Question 20

why are dental batteries uneven?

Answer 20

Different hard tissues are found down at a slightly different rate.

Question 21

Ceratopsians and their dental batteries.

Answer 21

• Dental battery is almost vertical.

- Slide together like scissor blades, with one opposing lateral side of the teeth is doing most of the work.

Question 22

Hadrosaurs and their dental batteries.

Answer 22

• Angled downwards, but still mostly horizontal.

- move their jaws backwards and forwards and side to side as well.

Question 23

Inset teeth function

Answer 23

Inset teeth probably helped make room for large cheeks which are used for holding food while an animal chews.

Question 24

Inset teeth

Answer 24

the teeth in dental batteries are inset in the the are positioned close to the tongue.

Question 25

which dinosaurs has high ribcages and gastroliths.

Answer 25

ankylosaurs and sauropods

Question 26

Gastric mill.

Answer 26

A special stone-filled digesting organ located near the stomach.

Question 27

What do gastric mills help with?

Answer 27

Gastric mills help with toothless animals to breakdown and digest their food.

Question 28

Two kinds of Dramaeosaurs

Answer 28

Velociraptor and troodontid, both with serrated teeth and large sickle-shaped claw on each foot.

Question 29

why did dramaeosaurs keep their sickle claw of the ground

Answer 29

To keep it sharp and prevent ware.

Question 30

Alvarezsaurs

Answer 30

• A group of small theropods with short front limbs and compact hands.
• Alvarezasaurs are thought to have been insectivores
• reduced teeth and short, but strong, front limbs.

Question 31

which dinosaur are cololites known from

Answer 31

micro raptor (dromaeosaur), diverse diet,