Chapter 3

Question 1

Cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

A system of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Question 2

Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 3

Heart

Answer 3

A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction.

Question 4

Mediastinum

Answer 4

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs.

Question 5

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 5

A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker of the heart.

Question 6

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 6

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

Question 7

Atrium

Answer 7

The superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and force it into the ventricles

Question 8

Ventricle

Answer 8

The inferior chambers of the heart that receive blood from the corresponding atrium and force it into the arteries

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

Question 10

Heart rate (HR)

Answer 10

The rate at which the heart pumps; measured in beats per minute (bpm).

Question 11

Cardiac output (Q)

Answer 11

Heart rate × stroke volume; the overall performance of the heart.

Question 12

Blood

Answer 12

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also rids the body of waste products.

Question 13

Blood vessels

Answer 13

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.

Question 15

Capillaries

Answer 15

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and body tissues.

Question 16

Veins

Answer 16

Vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart.

Question 17

Arterioles

Answer 17

Small terminal branches of an artery which end in capillaries.

Question 18

Venules

Answer 18

The smaller veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins.

Question 19

Respiratory system

Answer 19

A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.

Question 20

Respiratory pump

Answer 20

Composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.

Question 21

Inspiration

Answer 21

The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.

Question 22

Expiration

Answer 22

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.

Question 23

Diffusion

Answer 23

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.

Question 24

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Answer 24

The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.

Question 25

Atria

Answer 25

The top two chambers of the heart

Question 26

Ventricles

Answer 26

The bottom two chambers of the heart