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NASM CPT Test > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Human movement system

A

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

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2
Q

Nervous system

A

The communication network within the human body.

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3
Q

Sensory function

A

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

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4
Q

Integrative function

A

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information and produce the appropriate response.

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5
Q

Motor function

A

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information after interpretation.

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6
Q

Proprioception

A

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movement

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7
Q

Neuron

A

The functional unit of the nervous system.

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8
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

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9
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

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10
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.

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11
Q

Central nervous system

A

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

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12
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body.

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13
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.

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14
Q

Muscle spindles

A

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.

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15
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

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16
Q

Joint receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

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17
Q

Skeletal system

A

The body’s framework; composed of bones and joints.

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18
Q

Bones

A

Structures that provide the resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs.

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19
Q

Joints

A

Junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscles cause movement to occur.

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20
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.

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21
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.

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22
Q

Remodeling

A

The process of resorption and formation of bone.

23
Q

Osteoclasts

A

A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (resorption).

24
Q

Osteoblasts

A

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation.

25
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production; one of the primary sites for bone growth.

26
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft portion of a long bone.

27
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate.

28
Q

Periosteum

A

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints.

29
Q

Medullar cavity

A

The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored.

30
Q

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

A

Cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones.

31
Q

Depressions

A

Flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites.

32
Q

Processes

A

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.

33
Q

Vertebral column

A

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord.

34
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Joint motion

35
Q

Synovial joints

A

Joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement; produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints.

36
Q

Non-synovial joints

A

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage.

37
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.

38
Q

Muscular system

A

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton.

39
Q

Epimysium

A

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle.

40
Q

Perimysium

A

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

41
Q

Endomysium

A

The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.

42
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

43
Q

Sarcomere

A

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments.

44
Q

Neural activation

A

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.

45
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it connects to.

46
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.

47
Q

The Endocrine System

A

made up of the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream and the receptors that interact with those biochemicals.

48
Q

Catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine— are produced by what glands?

A

The Adrenal Glands

49
Q

Which gland produces growth hormone?

A

The Pituitary Gland

50
Q

Insulin and glucagon are secreted by what organ?

A

The Pancreas

51
Q

Agonist

A

The prime mover for a movement… the muscle (or muscles) that provide(s) the main source of force generation.

52
Q

Antagonists

A

create joint actions opposite to the prime mover

53
Q

Type (1) Skeletal Muscle

A

Slow twitch, more resistant to fatigue, more capillaries

54
Q

Type (2) Skeletal Muscle

A

Fast twitch, contract fast to generate more power. Less capillaries.

NASM CPT Test (6 decks)

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