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Geography 1100 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Age-sex pyramid

A

A representation of the population based on its composition according to age and sex.

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2
Q

Baby boom

A

The increased number of births in the two decades following World War Two.

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3
Q

Biometric census

A

A census in which individuals are photographed and fingerprinted to create a national database.

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5
Q

Cohort

A

A group of individuals who share a common temporal demographic experience.

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6
Q

Crude birth rate (CBR)

A

The ratio of the number of live births in a single year for every thousand people in the population.

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7
Q

Crude death rate (CDR)

A

The number of deaths in a single year for every thousand people in the population.

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8
Q

Census

A

The count of the number of people in a country, region, or city.

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9
Q

Demographic transition

A

A model of population change in which high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth and death rates.

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10
Q

Demographics

A

Characteristics of a human population including elements like gender, race, age, income, disabilities, education, and migration patterns among different groups and death rates among others.

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11
Q

Demography

A

The study of the characteristics of human populations.

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11
Q

Crude density (arithmetic density)

A

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

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13
Q

Density

A

A numerical measure of the relationship between the number of people and some other unit of interest expressed as a ratio.

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15
Q

Eco-migration

A

A population movement caused by the degradation of land and essential natural resources.

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16
Q

Epidemiological transition

A

A theory stating that the prevailing forms of illness changed from infectious to degenerative types as the demographic transition occurred.

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17
Q

Doubling time

A

The measure of how long it will take the population of an area to grow to twice its current size.

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18
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The measure of the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members of the population.

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19
Q

Female infanticide

A

The practice of aborting, killing, or abandoning female babies of their own parents.

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20
Q

Emigration

A

A movement in which a person leaves a country.

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21
Q

Fertility

A

The childbearing performance of individuals, couples, groups, or populations.

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23
Q

Forced migration

A

The movement by an individual against his or her will.

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24
Q

Geodemographic analysis

A

The practice of assessing the location and composition of particular populations.

26
Q

Guest workers

A

Individuals who migrate temporarily to take jobs in other countries.

27
Q

Gross migration

A

The total number of migrants into and out of a place, region, or country.

28
Q

Health care density

A

The ratio between the total population and the number of physicians.

31
Q

Internally displaced persons

A

Individuals who were uprooted within their own countries because of civil conflict or human rights violations, sometimes by their own governments.

32
Q

Immigration

A

A movement in which a person arrives in another country.

34
Q

Internal migration

A

A move within a particular country or region.

35
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total number of live births for that same year.

36
Q

Middle cohort

A

Members of the population 15 to 64 years of age who are considered economically active and productive.

37
Q

International migration

A

A move from one country to another.

38
Q

Neoliberalism

A

A school of economic thought that pursues a reduction in the role and budgets of governments, including reduced subsidies and the privatization of formerly publicly owned and operated concerns such as utilities.

39
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

40
Q

New-Malthusians

A

People who believe that growing human populations the world over, with their potential to exhaust Earth’s resources, pose the most dangerous threat to the environment.

41
Q

Medical geography

A

A subdiscipline that specializes in understanding the spatial aspects of health and illness.

42
Q

Natural increase

A

The surplus of births over deaths.

42
Q

Mobility

A

The ability to move, with permanently or temporarily.

42
Q

Migration

A

A long-distance move to a new location.

43
Q

Nutritional density

A

The ratio between the total population and the amount of land under cultivation.

43
Q

Natural decrease

A

The deficit of births relative to deaths.

44
Q

Population policy

A

An official government strategy designed to affect any or all of several objectives, including the size, composition, and distribution of population.

45
Q

Old-age cohort

A

Members of the population 65 years of age and older who are considered beyond their economically active and productive years.

45
Q

Net migration

A

The gain or loss in the total population of a particular area as a result of migration.

47
Q

Pull factors

A

Forces of attraction that influence migrants to move to a particular location.

48
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

The average number of children a women will have throughout the years that demographers have identified as her childbearing years, approximately ages 15 through 49.

48
Q

Push factors

A

Events and conditions that impel an individual to move away from a location.

49
Q

Refugees

A

Individuals who cross national boundaries to seek safety and asylum.

50
Q

Vital records

A

Information about births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and the incidences of certain infectious diseases.

50
Q

Transnational migrants

A

Migrants who maintain ties with their country of origin while taking advantage of the opportunities offered by another country.

50
Q

Transnationalism

A

The multitude of processes between people and organizations that extend beyond national boundaries.

51
Q

Undocumented workers

A

Individuals who arrive in the country without official entry visas and are considered by the government to be in the country illegally.

52
Q

Youth cohort

A

Members of the population who are less than 15 years of age and generally considered too young to be fully active in the labour force.

52
Q

Voluntary migration

A

The movement by an individual based on choice.

Geography 1100 (7 decks)

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