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Geography 1100 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Age-sex pyramid

A

A representation of the population based on its composition according to age and sex.

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2
Q

Baby boom

A

The increased number of births in the two decades following World War Two.

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3
Q

Biometric census

A

A census in which individuals are photographed and fingerprinted to create a national database.

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5
Q

Cohort

A

A group of individuals who share a common temporal demographic experience.

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6
Q

Crude birth rate (CBR)

A

The ratio of the number of live births in a single year for every thousand people in the population.

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7
Q

Crude death rate (CDR)

A

The number of deaths in a single year for every thousand people in the population.

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8
Q

Census

A

The count of the number of people in a country, region, or city.

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9
Q

Demographic transition

A

A model of population change in which high birth and death rates are replaced by low birth and death rates.

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10
Q

Demographics

A

Characteristics of a human population including elements like gender, race, age, income, disabilities, education, and migration patterns among different groups and death rates among others.

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11
Q

Demography

A

The study of the characteristics of human populations.

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11
Q

Crude density (arithmetic density)

A

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

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13
Q

Density

A

A numerical measure of the relationship between the number of people and some other unit of interest expressed as a ratio.

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15
Q

Eco-migration

A

A population movement caused by the degradation of land and essential natural resources.

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16
Q

Epidemiological transition

A

A theory stating that the prevailing forms of illness changed from infectious to degenerative types as the demographic transition occurred.

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17
Q

Doubling time

A

The measure of how long it will take the population of an area to grow to twice its current size.

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18
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The measure of the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members of the population.

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19
Q

Female infanticide

A

The practice of aborting, killing, or abandoning female babies of their own parents.

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20
Q

Emigration

A

A movement in which a person leaves a country.

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21
Q

Fertility

A

The childbearing performance of individuals, couples, groups, or populations.

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23
Q

Forced migration

A

The movement by an individual against his or her will.

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24
Q

Geodemographic analysis

A

The practice of assessing the location and composition of particular populations.

26
Q

Guest workers

A

Individuals who migrate temporarily to take jobs in other countries.

27
Q

Gross migration

A

The total number of migrants into and out of a place, region, or country.

28
Q

Health care density

A

The ratio between the total population and the number of physicians.

31
Internally displaced persons
Individuals who were uprooted within their own countries because of civil conflict or human rights violations, sometimes by their own governments.
32
Immigration
A movement in which a person arrives in another country.
34
Internal migration
A move within a particular country or region.
35
Infant mortality rate
The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total number of live births for that same year.
36
Middle cohort
Members of the population 15 to 64 years of age who are considered economically active and productive.
37
International migration
A move from one country to another.
38
Neoliberalism
A school of economic thought that pursues a reduction in the role and budgets of governments, including reduced subsidies and the privatization of formerly publicly owned and operated concerns such as utilities.
39
Life expectancy
The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
40
New-Malthusians
People who believe that growing human populations the world over, with their potential to exhaust Earth’s resources, pose the most dangerous threat to the environment.
41
Medical geography
A subdiscipline that specializes in understanding the spatial aspects of health and illness.
42
Natural increase
The surplus of births over deaths.
42
Mobility
The ability to move, with permanently or temporarily.
42
Migration
A long-distance move to a new location.
43
Nutritional density
The ratio between the total population and the amount of land under cultivation.
43
Natural decrease
The deficit of births relative to deaths.
44
Population policy
An official government strategy designed to affect any or all of several objectives, including the size, composition, and distribution of population.
45
Old-age cohort
Members of the population 65 years of age and older who are considered beyond their economically active and productive years.
45
Net migration
The gain or loss in the total population of a particular area as a result of migration.
47
Pull factors
Forces of attraction that influence migrants to move to a particular location.
48
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a women will have throughout the years that demographers have identified as her childbearing years, approximately ages 15 through 49.
48
Push factors
Events and conditions that impel an individual to move away from a location.
49
Refugees
Individuals who cross national boundaries to seek safety and asylum.
50
Vital records
Information about births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and the incidences of certain infectious diseases.
50
Transnational migrants
Migrants who maintain ties with their country of origin while taking advantage of the opportunities offered by another country.
50
Transnationalism
The multitude of processes between people and organizations that extend beyond national boundaries.
51
Undocumented workers
Individuals who arrive in the country without official entry visas and are considered by the government to be in the country illegally.
52
Youth cohort
Members of the population who are less than 15 years of age and generally considered too young to be fully active in the labour force.
52
Voluntary migration
The movement by an individual based on choice.

Geography 1100 (7 decks)

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