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Geography 1100 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Accessibility

A

The opportunity for contact or interaction from a given point or location in relation to other locations.

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2
Q

Areal units

A

Spatial units of measurement, such as a city block or province, used for recording statistics.

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3
Q

Azimuthal projections

A

When compass directions are correct only from one central point.

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3
Q

Cartogram

A

One map projection used in small scale thematic maps.

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4
Q

Cartography

A

The art and science of making maps.

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6
Q

Cognitive images (mental maps)

A

Psychological representations of locations that are created from people’s individual ideas and impressions of these locations.

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7
Q

Complementarity

A

A demand in one place and a supply complementing it in the other. Example is flow of oil to Japan who has none.

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8
Q

Choropleth map

A

Tonal shadings are graduated to reflect variations in numbers, frequencies, or densities.

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9
Q

Conformal projections

A

Map projections on which compass bearings are rendered accurately.

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10
Q

Cognitive space

A

Space defined and measured in terms of people’s values, feelings, beliefs, and perceptions about places and regions.

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10
Q

Cognitive distance

A

The distance that people perceive to exist in a given situation.

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11
Q

Contour

A

A line that connects points of equal elevation above sea level.

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12
Q

Distance-decay function

A

The rate at which a particular activity or process diminishes with increasing distance.

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13
Q

Economies of scale

A

Cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high volume production, since the average cost of production falls with increasing output.

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15
Q

Equidistant projections

A

Map projections that represent distance accurately in only one direction (usually North-south), although they usually provide accurate scale in the perpendicular direction (which in most cases is the equator).

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15
Q

Dot maps

A

A single dot or other symbol represents a specified number of occurrences of some particular phenomenon or event.

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16
Q

Equal-area equivalent projections

A

Map projections that portray areas on Earth’s surface in their true proportions.

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18
Q

Friction of distance

A

The deterrent or inhibiting effect of distance on human activity. (Time and cost of overcoming distance).

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19
Q

Functional regions (nodal regions)

A

Regions that, while they may exhibit some variability in certain attributes, share an overall coherence in structure and economic, political, social organization.

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19
Q

Geodemographic research

A

Investigation using census data and commercial data like sales data and property records, about the populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research.

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21
Q

Geographic information system (GIS)

A

An organized set of computer hardware, software, and spatially coded data that is designed to capture, store, update, manipulate, and display spatially referenced information.

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22
Q

Geographical imagination

A

A capacity that allows us to understand changing patterns, processes, and relationships among people, places, and regions.

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23
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A system of satellites that orbit Earth on precisely predictable paths, broadcasting highly accurate time and locational information.

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24
Q

Human geography

A

The study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments.

25
Q

Infrastructure

A

Developments like canals, railways, harbour installations, roads, bridges, and so on.

26
Q

Identity

A

The sense a person makes of himself or herself through their subjective feelings based on their everyday experiences and social relations.

27
Q

Intersubjectivity

A

Shared meanings that are derived from everyday practice.

28
Q

Irredentism

A

The assertion by the government of a country that a minority living outside its formal borders belongs to it historically and culturally.

29
Q

Latitude

A

The angular distance of a point on Earth’s surface, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the equator, which is assigned a value of zero degrees.

30
Q

Isoline

A

A line, similar to a contour, that connects people of equal data values like example is precipitation.

31
Q

Map projection

A

A systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface.

31
Q

Isoline maps

A

Maps based on isolines.

33
Q

Landscape

A

A comprehensive product of human action such that every landscape is a complex repository of society.

34
Q

Life world

A

The taken for granted pattern and context for everyday living through which people conduct their day to day lives without conscious attention.

35
Q

Longitude

A

The angular distance of a point on Earth’s surface, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east or west from the prime meridian (the line that passes through both poles and through Greenwich, England, which is assigned a value of zero degrees.

36
Q

Ordinary landscapes (vernacular landscapes)

A

The everyday landscapes that people create in the course of their lives.

36
Q

Map scale

A

Ratio between linear distance on a map and linear distance on Earth’s surface. Expressed as a fraction or as one km is one cm.

38
Q

Place

A

A specific geographic setting with distinctive physical, social, and cultural attributes.

39
Q

Physical geography

A

A branch of geography dealing with Earth’s natural processes and their outcomes.

39
Q

Regionalism

A

The coexistence of different religions or ethnic groups with distinctive identities within the same state boundaries, often concentrated within a particular region and sharing strong feelings of collective identity.

39
Q

Regionalization

A

The geographer’s equivalent of scientific classification, with individual places or areal units being the objects of classification.

41
Q

Sectionalism

A

An extreme devotion to regional interests and customs.

42
Q

Remote sensing

A

The collection of information about parts of Earth’s surface by means of aerial photography or satellite imagery designed to record data on visible, infrared, and microwave sensor systems.

43
Q

Sense of place

A

Feelings evoked among people as a result of the experiences and memories that they associate with a place and the symbolism they attach to it.

45
Q

Site

A

The physical attributes of a location-its terrain, soil, vegetation, and water sources, for example.

46
Q

Region

A

A territory that encompasses many places, all or most of which share attributes that are distinct from the attributes of places elsewhere.

47
Q

Regional geography

A

The study of the ways in which unique combinations of environmental and human factors produce territories with distinctive landscapes and cultural attributes.

48
Q

Spatial analysis

A

The study of many geographic phenomena in terms of their arrangement as points, lines, areas, or surfaces on a map.

48
Q

Space-time convergence

A

The rate at which places move closer together in travel or communication time or costs.

48
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to other places and human activities.

49
Q

Time-space convergence

A

The rate at which places move closer together in travel or communication time or costs.

50
Q

Spatial interaction

A

A collective term for all kinds of movements and flows involving human activity.

51
Q

Spatial diffusion

A

The way in which things spread through space over time.

52
Q

Symbolic landscapes

A

Representations of particular values or aspirations that the builders and financiers of those landscapes want to impart to a larger public.

55
Q

Topological space

A

The connections between, or connectivity of, particular points in space.

57
Q

Topographic maps

A

Represent the form of Earth’s surface and show permanent or longstanding features like buildings, highways, field boundaries, and political boundaries. Represented by contour.

58
Q

Transferability

A

Cost of moving an item measured in money and/or time and ability of the item to bear these costs.

59
Q

Utility

A

The usefulness of a specific place or location to a particular person or group.

65
Q

Thematic maps

A

Maps designed to represent spatial dimensions of particular conditions, processes, or events.

Geography 1100 (7 decks)

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