Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSA > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of hypernatraemia

A 
4Ds
Dehydration
Drips (too much saline)
Drugs
Diabetes insipidus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 drugs that can cause neutropenia - which symptom would you be most worried about?

A

Carbimazole (hyperthyroid treatment)
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Sore throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 drugs that can cause thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin

Penacillamine (RA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 drugs that can cause SIADH

A

Antipsychotics
Carbamazepine

Note that this can cause hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High urea, normal creatinine, not dehydrated - what is the cause?

A

Upper GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which drugs can cause neutrophilia?

A

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blood change - steroids

A

Neutrophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood change - heparin

A

Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blood change - penacillamine

A

Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood change - clozapine

A

Neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood change - carbimazole

A

Neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electrolyte disturbance - ACEinhibs

A

Hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electrolyte disturbance - K+ sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 drugs that can cause an intrinsic AKI

A 
ACEinhibs
NSAIDs
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Tetracyclines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 drugs that can cause intrahepatic deranged LFTs

A

Statins
paracetamol OD
rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 drugs that can cause cholestasis/posthepatic deranged LFTs

A 
Flucloxacillin
co-amoxiclav
steroids
nitrofurantoin
sulphonylureas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which 3 Abx can cause cholestasis?

A

Flucloxacillin
nitrofurantoin
co-amoxiclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which ABG would this give? Rapid breathing due to disease or anxiety

A

Respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which ABG would this give? COPD, restrictive chest wall problems

A

Respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which ABG would this give? Vomiting, diuretics, Conn’s, eating disorders

A

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which ABG would this give? DKA, renal failure, alcohol

A

Metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Hyperkalaemia - which ABG?

A

Metabolic acidosis

23
Q

Hypokalaemia - which ABG?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

24
Q

Which drug can cause ST depression?

A

Digoxin

25
Q

6 main drugs that require monitoring

A 
Digoxin
Phenytoin
Theophylline
Lithium
Vancomycin
Gentamicin
26
Q

Sign of toxicity of what? Visual halos

A

Digoxin

27
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium

28
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Gingival hypertrophy

A

Phenytoin

Ciclosporin

29
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Ataxia

A

Phenytoin

30
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Nystagmus

A

Phenytoin

31
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Peripheral neuropathy

A

Phenytoin

32
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

A

Vancomycin

Gentamicin

33
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Tremor

A

Lithium

34
Q

Most patients are on a high dose, once daily regimen of what dose of gentamicin?

A

5-7mg/kg

35
Q

Some patients can be on a divided daily dose of gentamicin
Who?
How often?
How much?

A

Severe renal failure (GFR<20) - 12 hourly
Infective endocarditis - 8 hourly
1-2mg/kg

36
Q

Which dose regimen of gentamicin requires measuring serum concs at particular times and adjusting frequency accordingly?

By how much would you adjust the frequency?

A

Once daily dosing

12 hours

37
Q

Which dose regimen of gentamicin requires measuring peaks (when?) and troughs (when?)
If the peak is out of range, what do you do?
If the trough is out of range, what do you do?
Who are ranges different for?

A

Divided daily dosing
Adjust dose
Adjust interval
Infective endocarditis

38
Q

When can you start plotting a paracetamol normogram to see whether they are eligible for NAC treatment?

A

4 hours post ingestion

39
Q

Target INR on warfarin

Target INR if recurrent VTE or metal heart valves

A
  1. 5

3. 5

40
Q

In whom is target INR 3.5?

A

Recurrent VTE

Metal heart valves

41
Q

Name the problem to which this is the solution:

1) Stop warfarin
2) Give 5mg IV phytomenadione
3) Give prothrombin complex

A

Major bleed

42
Q

Name the problem to which this is the solution:

1) Stop warfarin for 2 days
2) Reduce dose

A

INR 5-8 no bleed

43
Q

Name the problem to which this is the solution:

1) Stop warfarin
2) IV phytomenadione
3) Restart warfarin when INR<5

A

INR >5, minor bleed

44
Q

Name the problem to which this is the solution:

1) Stop warfarin
2) Oral phytomenadione
3) Restart warfarin when INR<5

A

INR >8, no bleed

45
Q

What is the protocol for a major bleed?

A

Look up oral anticoagulant treatment summary on BNF

1) Stop warfarin
2) 5mg IV phytomenadione
3) Dried prothrombin complex

46
Q

When would you just reduce the dose of warfarin

A

INR 2.5-5

47
Q

Common anticonvulsant known to cause hyponatraemia

A

Carbamazepine (through SIADH!)

48
Q

Electrolyte disturbance - carbamazepine

A

Hyponatraemia (through SIADH!)

49
Q

In a seizing patient, when should you start IV lorazepam?

A

After 5 minutes

50
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Arrhythmias

A

Lithium, digoxin

51
Q

Sign of toxicity for what? Teratogenicity

A

Phenytoin

PSA (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions