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AP European History > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

The purchase of church offices

A

Simony

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1
Q

The dominant power in Europe until the late sixteenth century

A

The Catholic Church

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2
Q

The occupation of more than one church office

A

Pluralism

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3
Q

Neglect of a position in the church

A

Absenteeism

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4
Q

Authored “Defender of the Peace”

Argued for church subordination to state and should be governed by a council

A

Marsiglio of Padua

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5
Q

Councils which unite the church under a pope.

Conciliar Movement

A

Councils of Pisa and Constance

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6
Q

Leader of the Lollards
Criticizes vices of the clergy
Questions the papal authority and transubstantiation
Translates Bible into English

A

John Wycliffe

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7
Q

Czech priest burned at the Council of Constance
Similar doctrine to John Wycliffe
Leader of the Hussites

A

John Huss

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8
Q

Authors “Book of Martyrs” based on Hussite and Lollard thought

A

John Foxe

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9
Q

Sought direct knowledge of God through personal connection

Fostered the regular meeting of lay people in the Rhine Valley

A

Meister Eckhard and Thomas à Kempis

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10
Q

Authors “The Imitation of Christ”

A

Thomas à Kempis

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11
Q

Fosters communal life for lay people in the Low Countries. Brethren of the Common Life ran schools guided by Christian morals

A

Gerard Groote

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12
Q

Multiple popes claim legitimacy, disorienting the Catholic Church

A

The Great Schism

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13
Q

Muscovy leader known for cruel punishment

Blamed illness of state on the Boyars

A

Vlad III Dracula

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14
Q

Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire

Made emperors elective, dependent on seven sectors

A

The Golden Bull

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15
Q

Pope to obtain legitimacy after the Great Schism, reuniting the Catholic Church

A

Pope Martin V

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16
Q

Conflict between England and France caused by both sides’ attempts to gain the other’s land

A

The Hundred Years’ War

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17
Q

French soldier who rallied troops to victory over England in the Hundred Years’ War.

A

Joan of Arc

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18
Q

War between the houses of Lancaster and York for the possession of the throne.
Ended with the Tudor Dynasty taking power

A

The War of the Roses

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19
Q

French direct tax on salt levied during the Hundred Years’ War.

A

The Gabelle

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20
Q

French income tax levied during the Hundred Years’ War.

A

The Taille

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21
Q

Post-Hundred Years’ War, english nationalist author.

Authors the “Canterbury Tales”

A

Geoffrey Chaucer

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22
Q

Post-Hundred Years’ War French nationalist author and poet

A

Francois Villon

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23
Q

French peasant uprisings caused by excessive taxation

A

The Jacqueries

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24
Q

Florentine peasant uprising caused by excessive taxation

A

The Ciompi Revolt

25
Q

Ruthless French king obsessed with expansion and centralization

A

Louis XI

26
Q

Marriage unites Spain

A

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

27
Q

Royally sponsored league supporting Spanish sheep farming

A

The Mesta

28
Q

Attempt to rid Spain of Muslim and Jewish influence

Based on the beliefs of Isabella of Castile

A

The Spanish Inquisition

29
Q

Isabella of Castile’s idea which caused the Spanish Inquisition

A

Limpieza de Sangre (Purity of Blood)

30
Q

Author of “The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy”

A

Jacob Burckhardt

31
Q

Study of the writings and ideas of the classical past

A

Humanism

32
Q

Idea with emphasis on the individual instead of the group

A

Individualism

33
Q

The essence of being a man through demonstration of courage and cleverness

A

Virtù

34
Q

Leading members of the Platonic Academy

A

Marsilio Ficino and Pico della mirandola

35
Q

Pope who commissioned the Sistine Chapel

A

Sixtus IV

36
Q

Pope who hired Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling

A

Julius II

37
Q

Authors “The Divine Comedy”

Reason can only carry man so far before faith must take over

A

Dante Alighieri

38
Q

Classical styled author best known for sonnets

A

Francesco Petrarch

39
Q

Author of “The Decameron”

Tales to entertain, not inform

A

Giovanni Boccaccio

40
Q

Authors “The Book of the Courtier”

Exemplifies proper etiquette and chivalry

A

Baldassare Castiglione

41
Q

Renaissance painter who uses chiaroscuro
Use of light and shadow to imitate depth
Father of renaissance painting

A

Giotto

42
Q

Produces first bronze statue since classical times
Father of renaissance sculpture
Creates “David”

A

Donatello

43
Q

Exemplifies naturalism in art with “Expulsion of Adam and Eve”

A

Masaccio

44
Q

Creates “the Last Supper” and the “Mona Lisa”

A

Leonardo da Vinci

45
Q

Example of renaissance grace and style in “The School of Athens”

A

Raphael

46
Q

Produces “David” and the Sistine chapel Ceiling

Work is a bridge to mannerism

A

Michelangelo

47
Q

Coined the term humanism

A

Leonardo Bruni

48
Q

Authored “Elegances of the Latin Language”

A

Lorenzo Valla

49
Q

Authored “The Prince”
Ends justify means
Better to be feared than loved

A

Machiavelli

50
Q

Invents moving type, allowing quick spread of ideas

A

Johann Gutenburg

51
Q

Gives realism and individuality to the art of woodcut

A

Albrecht Dürer

52
Q

Bawdy epic “Gargantua and Pantagruel” exemplify renaissance style and erudition

A

Francois Rabelais

53
Q

Dutch Christian humanist
Makes new translations of Greek and Latin bibles
Authors “In Praise of Folly” satirizing the clergy

A

Desiderius Erasmus

54
Q

English humanist

Authored “Utopia”

A

Thomas More

55
Q

Portuguese prince who supported exploration

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

56
Q

Explorer to reach India

A

Vasco de Gama

57
Q

Led Spanish expedition to the west

A

Christopher Columbus

58
Q

Spanish explorer traveled coast of America

A

Amerigo Vespucci

59
Q

Led voyage of first circumnavigation

A

Ferdinand Magellan

60
Q

Conquers the Aztec empire

A

Hernan Cortes

61
Q

Conquers Inca empire

A

Francisco Pizarro

AP European History (5 decks)

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