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AP European History > Cause and Effect > Flashcards

Cause and Effect Flashcards

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0
Q

Cause of the Hundred Years’ War

A

Edward III is vassal of the French king for Duchy of Aquitaine
French king wants control of the duchy
Edward III has claim to French throne as his mother is a princess

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1
Q

Cause of the Reformation

A

Mass-corruption of the Catholic Church

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2
Q

Effects of the Hundred Years’ War

A

England loses most continental possessions
Economies struggle and trade declines
More frequent parliament gives foothold to representative gov.
English War of the Roses (Lancastrians vs Yorkists)
Increased taxation leads to peasant revolts

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3
Q

Cause of The Age of Exploration

A

Motives:
Chance to break Mediterranean monopoly on trade
The incursions of the Turks led to higher prices for land-trade
More knowledge and technology available post-humanism

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4
Q

Results of The Age of Exploration

A

Silver returns fuel the Price Revolution
City life becomes more desirable economically
New goods available through the “Columbian Exchange”

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5
Q

Cause for the civil war in France (1500’s)

A

Catholics war against Protestants (Calvinists especially)

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6
Q

Results of the French civil wars (1500’s)

A 
Henry IV (Of Navarre) converts to Catholicism 
The Edict of Nantes is issued
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7
Q

Causes of the Thirty Years’ War

A

Protestant alliance opposes Catholic league
Ferdinand rescinds the Letter of Majesty (Bohemia)
Ferdinand marches into Germany to take lands for Catholicism
Gustavus Adolphus defeats Ferdinand in defense of Protestantism

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8
Q

Results of The Thirty Years’ War

A

Creates modern religious distribution in Europe
Nobles gain power against monarchs
France and Germany dissolve ( France reunites in 1600s)
Politiques (Elizabeth I, Henry IV) come to dominate politics
Spain loses status as power due to Habsburg split

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9
Q

Causes of the Scientific Revolution

A

Copernicus’ heliocentric theory followed by Brahe, Kepler, Galileo
Idea of new discovery spreads to other branches of science

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10
Q

Results of the Scientific Revolution

A

Heliocentric model, elliptical orbits, inductive and deductive reasoning,analytic geometry
Ideas of discovery spread to other branches of science
Scientific societies widen and popularize

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11
Q

Causes of The Price Revolution

A

Flow of silver from the Americas

Major population increase

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12
Q

Results of The Price Revolution

A

The putting-out system appears

Mercantilism comes into favor

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13
Q

Causes of the English Civil War

A

Absolutism vs constitutionalism

Presbyterian vs episcopalian church

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14
Q

Results of the English Civil War

A

Oliver Cromwell becomes lord protector

Military dictatorship breaks England into twelve districts

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15
Q

Causes of the Glorious Revolution

A

Parliamentary popularity shown by denial of the declaration of indulgence
William and Mary invited to take the throne

16
Q

Results of the Glorious Revolution

A

The Bill of Rights is established

Constitutional monarchy takes hold in England

17
Q

Causes of the Enlightenment

A

Response to economic and political changes incited by the scientific revolution
Popularization of secular ideas and secular (enlightened) thinkers

18
Q

Results of the Enlightenment

A

Deism (natural religion)
New political ideas ( Locke / Rousseau )
New view of childhood and secular education instituted
Furthers support for feminism and women’s rights

19
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A

Enlightened society begins to question governmental structure
Heavy taxation of the poor without proper representation
France slips into bankruptcy under Louis XVI

20
Q

Results of the French Revolution

A

Laid foundation for modern nation-states through a republic based on a capitalist society with key points in equality
Led to the Napoleonic Era

21
Q

Causes of the Industrial Revolution ( in England specifically )

A

Large supply of cheap labor
Large supply of coal and iron
Whig government sympathized with industrialization
Country left unscarred by war

22
Q

Results of the Industrial Revolution

A 
Increased urbanization
Role of cities changes from political to production center
New wage family emerges 
Classic gender roles emerge in the home
Marriage became more personal
23
Q

Causes of the revolutions of 1848

France / Italy

A

Severe food shortages / poor living conditions
Business failure / unemployment / financial crises
Overpowering nationalism

24
Q

Results of the Revolutions of 1848

A

Second French Republic created
Louis Napoleon takes power ( Emperor Napoleon III )
Revolts to unite Italy fail

25
Q

Causes of the failure of the Revolutions of 1848

A

Armed forces remain loyal to old leadership
Liberal political reforms appease revolutionaries (west)
Lack of desire for violent revolution by the middle class (central)
Nationalist revolutions lack organization and power (east/south)

26
Q

Causes of the Crimean War

A

France provides enclaves in the Holy Land for Roman Catholics which threatens Greek Orthodox orders
Tsar Nicholas orders troops to occupy Turkish land
Russia refuses to withdraw, so Britain and France declare war

27
Q

Results of the Crimean War

A

Russia relinquishes all Danubian land

Tension grows between Russia and Austria (leads to WWI)

28
Q

Causes of new imperialism

A 
Excess capital was available and foreign markets made sense
Need for new sources of raw material
The spread of religion
The spread of national influence 
"God, glory, gold"
29
Q

Causes of the First World War

A

Global arms race
Imperial conflicts (Fashoda, Moroccan, BALKAN, Agadir Crises)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated creates conflict between Austria and Serbia

30
Q

Results of the First World War

A

The Treaty of Versailles disarms Germany and blames the war on Germany. Germany is forced to pay reparations, join the League of Nations and loses the Rhineland. Sense of betrayal in Germany leads to WWII

31
Q

Causes of the Second World War

A

Appeasement allows Nazi Germany to grow in power
Germany invades small European countries
Fascist leaders Hitler and Mussolini declare war on the allies

32
Q

Causes of the Russian revolutions of 1917

A

The Russo-Japanese War caused internal conflict
Entrance to WWI threatens economically and politically
Civilian economy suffers as trade deficits increase
Rasputin’s refusal to aid the Duma led to his assassination

33
Q

Results of the Russian Revolutions of 1917

A

Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks take power for a time

The socialist revolutionaries take power after a time

34
Q

Causes of the Russian Civil War

A

Socialist revolutionaries (white / Mensheviks) oppose Soviet forces (red / Bolsheviks)

35
Q

Results of the Russian Civil War

A

War communism instituted (industry nationalized, grain seized from kulaks), which creates economic disaster
NEP instituted, relieving economy with slight return to capitalism

36
Q

The cause of the Cold War

A

Distrust between the U.S.S.R and the Allies
Russian refusal to withdraw from Iran
Truman’s “containment plan”
Korean split and war

37
Q

Results of the Cold War

A

Tensions settle between Russia and the allies
Soviet influence diminishes
Arms and space race end

AP European History (5 decks)

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