Chapter 3:

Question 1

In which period did the earliest fossils of apes were found?

Answer 1

In the Oligoscene epoch, but they were abundant in the Milocene.

Question 2

What are hominins?

Answer 2

Any creature to be in the direct human line

Question 3

How many varieties of apes are there?

Answer 3

Back in the day: 1 genera = 100 species

Current: 3 genera of 9 species of large apes, 1 genus of 9 small apes

Question 4

Where did the first ape species envolver from in the early Miocene period?

Answer 4

Africa, but as global warming happened, conditions for apes living to expanded so fossils could be found in Europe or Asia.

Question 5

Did we evolve or descend from chimps, bonobos, gorillas, or orangutans?

Answer 5

Nooo

Question 6

Do we share a common ancestor with them?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What DNA is amazingly similar to humans DNA?

Answer 7

Chimp DNA

Question 8

Late Miocene conditions that headed to Pliocene?

Answer 8

Apes faced extinction by environmental change and then Pliocene started. Forests decreased, but were replaced by savants.
Evidence of this in low levels of 13c in the soil signifies few trees but lots of grassland

Question 9

what could have allowed apes to survive these environmental changes?

Answer 9

• Brachation: ability to swing through trees, arm over arm
• maybe strength or intelligence
• maybe strength

Question 10

Sahelanthropus tchadensis “Toumai’ dates to…

Answer 10

6-7 mya, found Chad, Africa, brain size of cranium of chimpanzee, different in structure tho, had a flat face, suggests similar brain to humans, cranium suggests upright posture, foramen magnum located at bottom of cranium/suggests upright posture

Question 11

Ardipithecus ramidus “Ardi” dates to…

Answer 11

4.4 mya, more human than ape, feet resemble human hands, bipedal

Question 12

Austalopithcus afarensis:

Answer 12

man found, most likely left laetoli footprints, “Lucy,” “Big man,” arched foot, little boy, like humans when it comes to arms, climb trees, jaw out, same number if teeth but look different

Question 13

Austalopithcus africanus:

Answer 13

3 mya, jaw and teeth are human like, brain size like ape, round and smooth skull

Question 14

The ability to make tools dates to when?

Answer 14

3. 3 mya, found in west Turkana, Kenya

info: resembles bashing of tools without understanding of how it works

Question 15

Oldowan Technology…

Answer 15

2.6 mya, simple chopping of tools and flakes, intentional sculpting

Question 16

Homo Habilis dates to…

Answer 16

dates to 2.4 to 1.8 mya, much like humans, large brain - half size of modern human brains, scavenged, ate marrow of bone with lots of iron

Question 17

Why do hominins walk upright?

Answer 17

shape of pelvis, free hands to carry things, less energy is used, runs fast for hunting or scavenging