Chapter 3 Flashcards
Gene
inherited factor (encoded in the DNA) that helps determine a characteristic
Allele
1 of 2 or more alternative forms of a gene
Locus
Specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
Genotype
set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
Heterozygote
An individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus (homozygous is the same)
Phenotype or trait
appearance of a characteristics (ex: brown/blue)
Characteristic
Feature possessed by organism (ex: an eye color)
monohybrid cross
parents differ only in one way
First generation of cross
P generation
offspring of parents
F1
Reciprocal Crosses
in one cross, pollen (the male gamete) was taken from a plant with round seeds, and in its reciprocal cross, pollen was taken from a plant with wrinkled seeds. Reciprocal crosses gave the same result: all F1 seeds were round.
Principle of segregation and independent assortment occur during
anaphase 1
Principle of segregation
Each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic. Alleles separate when games form and separate in equal portions.
Independent Assortment
alleles at different loci separate independently
hermaphroditism/monecious
have both reproductive systems
