Chapter 3

Question 1

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 1

The physical force generated by a liquid, such as blood or tissue fluid

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

Consumes ATP and uses a carrier

Question 3

Down a Gradient

Answer 3

From a region of high to low concentration

Question 4

Up a Gradient

Answer 4

From a region of low to high concentration

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

The diffusion of water down its contraction gradient through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 6

Simple Diffusion

Answer 6

The net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration

Question 7

Tonicity

Answer 7

The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure of a cell

Question 8

Hypotonic

Answer 8

A lower concentration of non-permeating solutes than the intracellular fluid (ICF), cell may burst (lyse)

Question 9

Hypertonic

Answer 9

A higher concentration of non-permeating solutes than the intracellular fluid (ICF), cell may shrivel (crenate)

Question 10

Isotonic

Answer 10

The total concentration of the non-permeating solutes is the same as in the intracellular fluid (ICF), no change in cell

Question 11

Carrier-mediated Transport

Answer 11

When a solute binds to a carrier in the plasma membrane, which then changes shape and releases the solute to the other side

Question 12

Three Mechanisms of Carrier-mediated Transport

Answer 12

Facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, and secondary active transport

Question 13

Endocytosis

Answer 13

Vesicular processes that bring matter into a cell

Question 14

Exocytosis

Answer 14

Vesicular processes that bring matter outside a cell

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

The largest organelle with a double unit membrane and usually the only one clearly visible with a light microscope

Question 16

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 16

The cell structure that is perforated with pores to allow material to move in and out of the nucleus

Question 17

Chromatin

Answer 17

The fine threadlike matter composed of DNA and protein found inside the nucleus

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

The one or more dark-staining masses in the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

Question 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 19

An organelle with an extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules classified as rough or smooth

Question 20

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 20

ER is comprised of parallel cisternae that is covered with ribosomes

Question 21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 21

ER is comprised of tubular cisternae that is not covered with ribosomes, functions to synthesize lipids

Question 22

Ribosomes

Answer 22

An organelle that is a small granule of RNA and protein that provide a site for protein synthesis

Question 23

Golgi Complex

Answer 23

The pancake-like organelle which are a small system of cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates and put the finishing touches on protein and glycoprotein synthesis, “the postal service”

Question 24

Secretory Vesicles

Answer 24

The structures in which the Golgi complex packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell

Question 25

Lysosome

Answer 25

An organelle that contains a mixture of enzymes that function in disgusting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles, “the garbage men”

Question 26

Peroxisome

Answer 26

An organelle that contains enzymes needed to neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol, other drugs, and blood-borne toxins

Question 27

Proteasomes

Answer 27

An organelle that is used for the disposal of nonfunctional proteins

Question 28

Mitochondrion

Answer 28

A two cellular organelle with a double unit membrane, “the power house”

Question 29

Centriole

Answer 29

A short cylindrical assembly of microtubules arranged in nine groups of three