Chapter 3

Question 1

Intentional commission of an act, such as providing a patient a lethal dose of a medication that results in death; voluntary

Answer 1

Active euthanasia

Question 2

Lifesaving treatment is withdraw or withheld allowing the terminally ill patient to die; involuntary

Answer 2

Passive euthanasia

Question 3

Occurs when a person suffering an incurable illness makes the decision to die

Answer 3

Voluntary euthanasia

Question 4

Occurs when the decision to terminate the life of an incurable person is made by someone other than the incurable person

Answer 4

Involuntary euthanasia

Question 5

Physician voluntarily aids a patient in bringing about his or her death

Answer 5

Physician assisted suicide

Question 6

Allows a terminally ill Oregon resident to obtain a lethal dose of medication from his or her physician

Answer 6

Oregon Death with Dignity Act

Question 7

Provides that patients have a right to formulate advance directives and to make decisions regarding their health care

Answer 7

Patient self determination act

Question 8

Written instructions expressing one’s health care wishes in the event that he or she becomes incapacitated and is unable to make decisions

Answer 8

Advance directives

Question 9

Individual who has been designated to make decisions on behalf of an individual determined incapable of making his or her decisions

Answer 9

Surrogate decision maker

Question 10

Instrument or legal document that describes those treatments an individual wishes or does not wish to receive should he or she become incapacitated and unable to communicate treatment decisions

Answer 10

Living will

Question 11

Legal instrument enabling an individual to act on another’s behalf

Answer 11

Durable power of attorney

Question 12

Form of surrogate decision making where the surrogate attempts to establish what decision the patient would have made if that patient were competent to do so

Answer 12

Substituted judgement

Question 13

Legal mechanism by which the court declares a person incompetent and assigns a guardian

Answer 13

Guardianship

Question 14

Allows a person to appoint a health care agent to make treatment decisions in the event he or she becomes incompetent and can’t make decisions for themselves

Answer 14

Health care proxy

Question 15

Physician recognizes that a treatment would no longer benefit the patient

Answer 15

Futility of treatment

Question 16

Decision not to initiate treatment or medical intervention for the patient

Answer 16

Witholding of treatment

Question 17

Decision to discontinue treatment or medical interventions for the patient

Answer 17

Withdrawal of treatment

Question 18

Mary Scholendorff was suffering from a stomach disorder, while she was under anesthesia, a tumor was removed. Gangrene and amputation of several fingers without her permission

Answer 18

Scholendorff vs. Society of New York Hospital

Question 19

What is the significance of Scholendorff vs. Society of New York Hospital case?

Answer 19

There was no informed consent or autonomy

Question 20

Storar was dying of cancer who was incompetent and guardian denied blood transfusions which lead to his death;

Answer 20

In Re Storar

Question 21

Quinlan was the modern right to die movement; Quinlan collapsed and fell into a coma which lead to a vegetative state. Guardian requested to remove the ventilator but hospital denied.

Answer 21

In Re Quinlan

Question 22

What was the significance of the Quinlan case?

Answer 22

Addressed whether euthanasia should be allowed

Question 23

Balances state’s rights (saving someones life) and substituted judgement/patient’s interest

Answer 23

Balance test

Question 24

Saikewicz was incompetent and issue brought up if life saving treatment was required; Saikewicz refused further treatment for his leukemia

Answer 24

Superintendent of Belchertown state school vs saikewickz

Question 25

What is the significance of the Dinnerstein case?

Answer 25

No code orders are valid to prevent the use of artificial resuscitative measures on incompetent terminally ill patients

Question 26

What is the significance of the Spring case?

Answer 26

Patient’s mental impairment and his or her medical prognosis with or without treatment must be considered prior to seeking judicial approval to withdraw or withhold treatment from an incompetent patient

Question 27

When do courts get involved in ethical dilemmas?

Answer 27

Family members disagree, physicians disagree on a prognosis, patient’s wishes are unknown since they’ve been incompetent, malpractice could exist

Question 28

All brain functions including the brain stem loses sensation

Answer 28

Death

Question 29

What are some intentions to why they reject prolongation of life by artificial means?

Answer 29

Persistence of statements, beliefs, seriousness, surrounding circumstances

Question 30

Parents decided that they wanted to remove feeding tube since their daughter’s roommate said that she wouldn’t want to live if she is dying; granted the parent’s request to remove the feeding tube

Answer 30

Nancy Cruzan case