Chapter 3

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

The passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

A specific characteristic

Question 3

Genetics

Answer 3

The scientific study of heredity

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

A new organism that forms when egg and sperm cells join in this process

Question 5

Purebred

Answer 5

The offspring of many generations that have the same form of trait

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

To describe the factors that control a trait

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

The different forms of a gene

Question 8

Dominant allele

Answer 8

One whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Question 9

Recessive allele

Answer 9

Is hidden when the dominant allele is present

Question 10

Hybrid

Answer 10

Has 2 different alleles for a trait

Question 11

Probability

Answer 11

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Question 12

Punnett square

Answer 12

A chart that shows the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

Physical appearance, visible traits

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

Genetic makeup, alleles

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

An organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

An organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

Occurs when one allele is only partially dominant

Question 18

Codominance

Answer 18

Occurs when both alleles for a gene are expressed equally

Question 19

Multiple alleles

Answer 19

Which means that three or more possible alleles determine their trait

Question 20

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 20

Occurs when more than one gene affects a trait.