Chapter 3 Flashcards
A quantitative description that includes both a number and a unit
Measurement
An expression of numbers in the form m x 10 to n, where m is equal to or greater than 1 and less that 10, and n is an integer
Scientific notation
The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured
Accuracy
Describes the closeness, or reproducibility, of a set of measurements taken under the same conditions
Precision
A quantity used by general agreement of the scientific community
Accepted value
A quantitative value measured during an experiment
Experimental value
The difference between the accepted value and the experimental value
Error
The percent that a measured value differs from the accepted value
Percent error
All the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus a last estimated digit
Significant figures
The revised version of the metric system, adopted by international agreement in 1960
International system of units (SI)
The base unit of length in SI
Meter
The volume of a cube measuring 10 cm on each edge is the common unprefixed unit of measurement in the metric system
Liter
The mass of 1 L of water at 4° C; it is the base unit of mass in SI
Kilogram
A metric mass unit equal to the mass of 1cm3 of water at 4°C
Gram
A force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass
Weight
The capacity for doing work or producing heat
Energy
The SI unit of energy; 4.184 J equal one calorie
Joule
The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1°C
Calorie
A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter; determines the direction of heat transfer
Temperature
The temperature scale on which the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C
Celsius scale
The temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 K and the boiling point is 373 K; 0 K is absolute zero
Kelvin scale
The zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale, equivalent to -273.15°C
Absolute zero
The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
Density
A ratio of equivalent measurements used to convert a quantity from one unit to another
Conversion factor
A technique or problem-solving that uses the units that are part of a measurement to help solve the problem
Dimensional analysis
