Chapter 1 And 2 Flashcards
The means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired
Technology
A logical, systematic to the solution of a scientific problem; steps in the include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories
Scientific method
Information obtained through the senses
Observation
A proposed explanation for an observation
Hypothesis
A repeatable procedure that is used to test a hypothesis
Experiment
The variable that is changed in an experiment; also called a manipulated variable
Independent variable
The variable that is observed during an experiment; also called responding variable
Dependent variable
A representation of an object or event
Model
A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations
Theory
A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments
Scientific law
A measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram
Mass
A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter
Volume
A property that depends on the amount of natter in a sample
Extensive property
A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter
Intensive property
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance
Substance
A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Physical property
A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
Solid
A form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape
Liquid
A form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container
Gas
Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
Vapor
A change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
Physical change
A physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Mixture
A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished
Homogeneous mixture
A homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent
Solution
Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
Phase
A process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
Filtration
A process used to separate components of a mixture using differences in boiling points
Distillation
The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
Element
A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Compound
A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
Chemical change
A one- or two-letter representation of n element
Chemical symbol
An arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties
Periodic table
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Period
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table
Group
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
Chemical property
A change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
Chemical reaction
A substance present at the start of a reaction
Reactant
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
Product
A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
Precipitate
In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created or destroyed
Law of conservation of mass
