Chapter 3

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 2

states of matter

Answer 2

the three different forms in which matter can exist: solid, liquid and gas.

Question 3

solid

Answer 3

one of the three states of matter; has a fixed shape and volume, is rigid and the molecules are close together, very limited movement.

Question 4

liquid

Answer 4

one of the three states of matter; has a fixed volume but takes the shape of the container, molecules are still close together but begin to move around.

Question 5

gas

Answer 5

one of the three state of matter; has no fixed shape or fixed volume, takes the shape and volume of its container. molecules are far apart and move rapidly. heat or compression to excite.

Question 6

physical properties

Answer 6

properties that you can see or can be measured, ex. melting point, boiling point, color, odor freezing and melting point are the same thing.

Question 7

chemical properties

Answer 7

the ability to form new substance, the ability to react with other substances. ex. burning paper, digesting food

Question 8

physical change

Answer 8

the composition or “makeup” of the substance remains the same; ex. heating water, ripping up a piece of paper.

Question 9

chemical change

Answer 9

a reaction occurs, the substance changes into a different substance or substances. ex. burning wood to form ash, hand warmers or ice packs, glow sticks

Question 10

reaction

Answer 10

chemical change

Question 11

elements

Answer 11

can not be broken down into other substances by chemical means. found on the periodic table.

Question 12

compounds

Answer 12

composed of two or more different elements. composition stays the same no matter what. ratio of elements does not change for a given compound, properties of a compound are usually very different than the properties of elements it is made up of.

Question 13

mixtures

Answer 13

a combination of substances that has a variable composition. they can be broken down into pure substances by physical means, mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

Question 14

pure substances

Answer 14

always have the same composition, can be elements or compounds, they can not be broken down by physical means.

Question 15

homogeneous mixture

Answer 15

a mixture that is the same throughout, does not vary in composition from one region to another, also known as a solution.

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

a homogeneous mixture

Question 17

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 17

not uniform throughout, composition changes from region to region.

Question 18

distillation

Answer 18

used to separate a liquid from a soluble solid. used to separate two liquids with very different boiling points.

Question 19

filtration

Answer 19

used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid ex. sand & water, insoluble solid remains in the filter liquid passes through.

Question 20

chemistry

Answer 20

the study of matter and the changes that can occur.

the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.

Question 21

separation of mixtures

Answer 21

mixtures can be separated by using physical properties of the pure substance. physical separation occurs: distillation, filtration, evaporation, decant

Question 22

evaporation

Answer 22

used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. ex. salt in water.

Question 23

decanting

Answer 23

pour liquid off from a solid. ex: pour grease from cooked beef.

Question 24

chemical separation

Answer 24

compounds can be separated into elements by chemical means. example: electrolysis of water in to hydrogen & oxygen