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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two basic divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)

2. peripheral nervous system (everything else)

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2
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system; it prepares the body for ACTION

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3
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system; it returns the body to its CALM state

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4
Q

When someone has an overactive nervous system what can it cause?

A

A lot of anxiety and behavioral disorders

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5
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A
  • prepares for action
  • comes into play when you are afraid/excited
  • increases heart rate
  • slows digestion
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6
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A
  • restores your energy reserves
  • returns the body to a resting state
  • slows the heartbeat
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7
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. occipital
  4. temporal
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8
Q

Frontal lobe function:

A

thought, planning, movement

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9
Q

Parietal lobe function:

A

touch, heat & cold, spacial awareness

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10
Q

Occipital lobe function:

A

vision

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11
Q

Temporal lobe function:

A

hearing, memory

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12
Q

somatosensory cortex is in the

A

parietal lobe

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13
Q

what are the bumps on the brain called?

A

gyrus, gyri

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14
Q

What are the creases on the brain called?

A

sulcus, sulci, fissure (deepest)

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15
Q

The left side of the brain sends info to what side of the body

A

Right, and vice versa (but there are exceptions)

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16
Q

What cell is most responsible for brain activity

A

The neuron

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17
Q

What 5 parts make up the neuron structure?

A
  1. dendrite
  2. cell body
  3. axon
  4. terminal buttons
  5. synapse
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18
Q

Dendrite:

A

parts that receive info from other neurons

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19
Q

Cell body:

A

contains nucleus and maintains life processes of cell (least important)

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20
Q

Axon:

A

a long hollow tube (filled w/ fluid) which sends info from dendrites to terminal buttons

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21
Q

Terminal buttons:

A

parts at end of axon that transmit information to dendrites of other neurons using chemical neurotransmitters

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22
Q

Synapse:

A

the liquid space in between two axons

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23
Q

What is action potential?

A

the electrical signal that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons

24
Q

What is the All-or-None principle?

A

all neurons have a threshold for triggering an action potential, which occurs at full strength or not at all : all or none (no half action potential)

25
Q

synaptic transmission:

A

how the nervous system transmits information across a synaptic gap (the physical gap between nerve cells), from one neuron to another

26
Q

axonal transmission:

A

the process by which one neuron communicates with another, information is passed down the axon of the neuron as an electrical impulse known as action potential

27
Q

axonal transmission 4 main facts:

A
  1. electrical
  2. always excitatory
  3. all-or-none
  4. relatively large
28
Q

synaptic transmission 4 main facts:

A
  1. chemical
  2. graded size
  3. excitatory or inhibitory (ESPS or ISPS)
  4. relatively small
29
Q

Who was Phineas Gage?

A

a man who got a rod shot through his brain leaving a clean hole through the cheek and brain and was okay besides some difficulty with emotional regulation

30
Q

True or False?

No behavior has only one structure which controls it.

A

True

31
Q

Reticular Formation

A

controls sleep and level of arousal and has a role in dreaming (top part of the brain stem)

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

fine control and motor function and also plays a role in older forms of learning (ex: dancer, musician, athlete)

33
Q

Central gray or pariaqueductal gray

A

one of the many parts of the brain involved with aggression but also pain management and control; controlled with endorphins (top of brain stem)

34
Q

Limbic system

A

a set of interconnected structures that control emotional behavior and memory

35
Q

Hypothalmus

A

part of the limbic system involved in regulating all body functions. really small, size of a pencil eraser and highly defined. (feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating (f word))

36
Q

Pituitary gland

A

master gland of the endocrine system. located right under the hypothalamus which can order the gland to secrete certain hormones

37
Q

Amygdala

A

associated with strong emotional memories such as fear and other emotions. critical part of the brain for emotional processing and recognizing dangerous situations.

38
Q

Hippocampus

A

involved in forming memories

39
Q

What is amnesia and what are the two different types?

A

a major disruption in memory ability

  1. anterograde
  2. retrograde
40
Q

Anterograde amnesia:

A

inability to form new memories (most common)

41
Q

Retrograde amnesia:

A

inability to recall past memories (extremely rare)

42
Q

Who is H.M.?

A

patient with severe epilepsy. doctor removed his hippocampus to help with the seizures but he could not learn anything new

43
Q

Basil ganglia

A

involved in motor control and executing those movements. damage to this part of the brain could result in paralysis.

44
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

a degenerative disease where your body fails around you due to a lack of dopamine. occurs as a result of damage to the basil ganglia.

45
Q

Which side of the brain do most people process language?

A

LEFT hemisphere

46
Q

What is broca’s area?

A

motor control - speech production

47
Q

broca’s aphasia:

A

a language disorder that results in language comprehension. person can understand others but can’t produce any speech himself.

48
Q

wernicke’s area:

A

speech comprehension and meaningful speech production. person is unaware that they are not making sense.

49
Q

what is prosopagnosia?

A

inability to recognize faces

50
Q

what is the association cortex?

A

involved in higher order recognition, reasoning, and planning

51
Q

what is visual agnosia?

A

inability to recognize objects

52
Q

corpus callosum

A

bridge of neurons which allow the two hemispheres to share information

53
Q

brain lateralization

A

when on hemisphere is dominant for a particular task

54
Q

brain plasticity

A

the ability for parts of the brain to compensate for others

55
Q

consciousness

A

ones state of awareness to both internal and external stimuli (fluctuates throughout the day)

Psychology (4 decks)

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