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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)

2. peripheral nervous system (everything else)

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2
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system; it prepares the body for ACTION

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3
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system; it returns the body to its CALM state

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4
Q

When someone has an overactive nervous system what can it cause?

A

A lot of anxiety and behavioral disorders

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5
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A
  • prepares for action
  • comes into play when you are afraid/excited
  • increases heart rate
  • slows digestion
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6
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A
  • restores your energy reserves
  • returns the body to a resting state
  • slows the heartbeat
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7
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. occipital
  4. temporal
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8
Q

Frontal lobe function:

A

thought, planning, movement

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9
Q

Parietal lobe function:

A

touch, heat & cold, spacial awareness

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10
Q

Occipital lobe function:

A

vision

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11
Q

Temporal lobe function:

A

hearing, memory

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12
Q

somatosensory cortex is in the

A

parietal lobe

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13
Q

what are the bumps on the brain called?

A

gyrus, gyri

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14
Q

What are the creases on the brain called?

A

sulcus, sulci, fissure (deepest)

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15
Q

The left side of the brain sends info to what side of the body

A

Right, and vice versa (but there are exceptions)

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16
Q

What cell is most responsible for brain activity

A

The neuron

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17
Q

What 5 parts make up the neuron structure?

A
  1. dendrite
  2. cell body
  3. axon
  4. terminal buttons
  5. synapse
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18
Q

Dendrite:

A

parts that receive info from other neurons

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19
Q

Cell body:

A

contains nucleus and maintains life processes of cell (least important)

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20
Q

Axon:

A

a long hollow tube (filled w/ fluid) which sends info from dendrites to terminal buttons

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21
Q

Terminal buttons:

A

parts at end of axon that transmit information to dendrites of other neurons using chemical neurotransmitters

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22
Q

Synapse:

A

the liquid space in between two axons

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23
Q

What is action potential?

A

the electrical signal that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons

24
Q

What is the All-or-None principle?

A

all neurons have a threshold for triggering an action potential, which occurs at full strength or not at all : all or none (no half action potential)

25
synaptic transmission:
how the nervous system transmits information across a synaptic gap (the physical gap between nerve cells), from one neuron to another
26
axonal transmission:
the process by which one neuron communicates with another, information is passed down the axon of the neuron as an electrical impulse known as action potential
27
axonal transmission 4 main facts:
1. electrical 2. always excitatory 3. all-or-none 4. relatively large
28
synaptic transmission 4 main facts:
1. chemical 2. graded size 3. excitatory or inhibitory (ESPS or ISPS) 4. relatively small
29
Who was Phineas Gage?
a man who got a rod shot through his brain leaving a clean hole through the cheek and brain and was okay besides some difficulty with emotional regulation
30
True or False? | No behavior has only one structure which controls it.
True
31
Reticular Formation
controls sleep and level of arousal and has a role in dreaming (top part of the brain stem)
32
Cerebellum
fine control and motor function and also plays a role in older forms of learning (ex: dancer, musician, athlete)
33
Central gray or pariaqueductal gray
one of the many parts of the brain involved with aggression but also pain management and control; controlled with endorphins (top of brain stem)
34
Limbic system
a set of interconnected structures that control emotional behavior and memory
35
Hypothalmus
part of the limbic system involved in regulating all body functions. really small, size of a pencil eraser and highly defined. (feeding, fighting, fleeing, mating (f word))
36
Pituitary gland
master gland of the endocrine system. located right under the hypothalamus which can order the gland to secrete certain hormones
37
Amygdala
associated with strong emotional memories such as fear and other emotions. critical part of the brain for emotional processing and recognizing dangerous situations.
38
Hippocampus
involved in forming memories
39
What is amnesia and what are the two different types?
a major disruption in memory ability 1. anterograde 2. retrograde
40
Anterograde amnesia:
inability to form new memories (most common)
41
Retrograde amnesia:
inability to recall past memories (extremely rare)
42
Who is H.M.?
patient with severe epilepsy. doctor removed his hippocampus to help with the seizures but he could not learn anything new
43
Basil ganglia
involved in motor control and executing those movements. damage to this part of the brain could result in paralysis.
44
Parkinson's disease
a degenerative disease where your body fails around you due to a lack of dopamine. occurs as a result of damage to the basil ganglia.
45
Which side of the brain do most people process language?
LEFT hemisphere
46
What is broca's area?
motor control - speech production
47
broca's aphasia:
a language disorder that results in language comprehension. person can understand others but can't produce any speech himself.
48
wernicke's area:
speech comprehension and meaningful speech production. person is unaware that they are not making sense.
49
what is prosopagnosia?
inability to recognize faces
50
what is the association cortex?
involved in higher order recognition, reasoning, and planning
51
what is visual agnosia?
inability to recognize objects
52
corpus callosum
bridge of neurons which allow the two hemispheres to share information
53
brain lateralization
when on hemisphere is dominant for a particular task
54
brain plasticity
the ability for parts of the brain to compensate for others
55
consciousness
ones state of awareness to both internal and external stimuli (fluctuates throughout the day)

Psychology (4 decks)

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