Chapter 1

Question 1

Definition of Psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental experience

Question 2

Science

Answer 2

a way of establishing knowledge based on objective, systematic, and public accumulation of empirical evidence

Question 3

Scientific Psychology

Answer 3

trying to explain things before the fact

Question 4

What is objective evidence?

Answer 4

evidence that is testable and falsifiable

Question 5

What is systematic evidence?

Answer 5

evidence that is thorough (ex: clever Hans)

Question 6

What is public evidence?

Answer 6

replication with the same results (ex: Mozart effect)

Question 7

What is precise evidence?

Answer 7

predictions / qualitative vs. quantitative

Question 8

Hindsight bias:

Answer 8

explaining things after the fact

Question 9

Who was the first true psychologist?

Answer 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 10

When was the first psychology lab established?

Answer 10

Germany in 1879

Question 11

What is structuralism?

Answer 11

examined the elements of conscious experience/awareness according to basic structural parts (wundt’s approach)

Question 12

What is perspective?

Answer 12

a framework of possible causes that are neither right or wrong. the more research the better.

Question 13

What are the 6 modern perspectives in psychology?

Answer 13

1. Biological/Physiological/Neuroscience
2. Psychoanalytic or Psychodynamic
3. Behavioral or Behaviorist
4. Cognitive
5. Humanistic
6. Social/Cultural

Question 14

What is biological psychology

Answer 14

everything we think, feel, and do is rooted in biological processes (genetics, evolution, neuroscience)

Question 15

What is psychoanalytic psychology

Answer 15

all thought and behavior is caused by powerful, unconscious, and irrational influences (behavior is shaped by irrational decisions)

Question 16

What is behavioral psychology

Answer 16

all organisms change their behavior to adapt to the environment (you are what you’ve learned to be)

Question 17

What is cognitive psychology

Answer 17

people actively seek out, interpret, and act on information (cognition means thinking, emphasis on the importance of mental processes)

Question 18

What is humanistic psychology

Answer 18

celebrates the uniqueness of individuals and the belief that people are basically good and want to develop to their full potential (feel good psychology)

Question 19

What is social psychology

Answer 19

the belief that all societies have norms and expectations of acceptable behavior and the way people are shaped through their interactions with others (ex: social group)

Question 20

True or False

The perspectives are mutually exclusive from one another.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Who established psychoanalytic psychology?

Answer 21

Sigmund Freud

Question 22

Who established behavioral psychology?

Answer 22

John B. Watson

Question 23

Who established humanistic psychology?

Answer 23

Abraham Maslow

Question 24

What is critical thinking?

Answer 24

questioning and evaluating information using well-supported evidence

Question 25

What is functionalism?

Answer 25

the belief that the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution

Question 26

Why care about the 6 research methods?

Answer 26

they are the foundation of critical thinking in psychology

Question 27

What is a variable

Answer 27

an event that can take on different values (quantitative or qualitative)

Question 28

Independent variables

Answer 28

can either be true or quasi. they are the cause.

Question 29

Dependent variables

Answer 29

the effect. all research has dependent variables.

Question 30

True variable:

Answer 30

manipulated by the experimenter to dictate what level or variable a person will have

Question 31

Quasi variable:

Answer 31

a variable that allows comparison of groups of participants without manipulation (random)