Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental experience

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2
Q

Science

A

a way of establishing knowledge based on objective, systematic, and public accumulation of empirical evidence

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3
Q

Scientific Psychology

A

trying to explain things before the fact

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4
Q

What is objective evidence?

A

evidence that is testable and falsifiable

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5
Q

What is systematic evidence?

A

evidence that is thorough (ex: clever Hans)

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6
Q

What is public evidence?

A

replication with the same results (ex: Mozart effect)

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7
Q

What is precise evidence?

A

predictions / qualitative vs. quantitative

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8
Q

Hindsight bias:

A

explaining things after the fact

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9
Q

Who was the first true psychologist?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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10
Q

When was the first psychology lab established?

A

Germany in 1879

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11
Q

What is structuralism?

A

examined the elements of conscious experience/awareness according to basic structural parts (wundt’s approach)

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12
Q

What is perspective?

A

a framework of possible causes that are neither right or wrong. the more research the better.

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13
Q

What are the 6 modern perspectives in psychology?

A
  1. Biological/Physiological/Neuroscience
  2. Psychoanalytic or Psychodynamic
  3. Behavioral or Behaviorist
  4. Cognitive
  5. Humanistic
  6. Social/Cultural
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14
Q

What is biological psychology

A

everything we think, feel, and do is rooted in biological processes (genetics, evolution, neuroscience)

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15
Q

What is psychoanalytic psychology

A

all thought and behavior is caused by powerful, unconscious, and irrational influences (behavior is shaped by irrational decisions)

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16
Q

What is behavioral psychology

A

all organisms change their behavior to adapt to the environment (you are what you’ve learned to be)

17
Q

What is cognitive psychology

A

people actively seek out, interpret, and act on information (cognition means thinking, emphasis on the importance of mental processes)

18
Q

What is humanistic psychology

A

celebrates the uniqueness of individuals and the belief that people are basically good and want to develop to their full potential (feel good psychology)

19
Q

What is social psychology

A

the belief that all societies have norms and expectations of acceptable behavior and the way people are shaped through their interactions with others (ex: social group)

20
Q

True or False

The perspectives are mutually exclusive from one another.

21
Q

Who established psychoanalytic psychology?

A

Sigmund Freud

22
Q

Who established behavioral psychology?

A

John B. Watson

23
Q

Who established humanistic psychology?

A

Abraham Maslow

24
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

questioning and evaluating information using well-supported evidence

25
What is functionalism?
the belief that the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution
26
Why care about the 6 research methods?
they are the foundation of critical thinking in psychology
27
What is a variable
an event that can take on different values (quantitative or qualitative)
28
Independent variables
can either be true or quasi. they are the cause.
29
Dependent variables
the effect. all research has dependent variables.
30
True variable:
manipulated by the experimenter to dictate what level or variable a person will have
31
Quasi variable:
a variable that allows comparison of groups of participants without manipulation (random)