Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the phases of mitosis and their roles? What type of cells does mitosis take place in?

Answer 1

Interphase – G1, S, G2
Prophase – chromatin turn into chromosomes
Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
Anaphase – chromosomes separate
Telophase – chromosomes turn into chromatin
Cytokinesis – the division of cytoplasm

somatic cells only

Question 2

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Protein synthesis and has ribosomes

Question 3

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Lipid synthesis; does not have ribosomes

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Extracts energy from nutrients to produce ATP

Question 5

Lysosome

Answer 5

Contains enzymes and is the garbage disposal of the cell

Question 6

What is a vesicle made of?

Answer 6

Cell membrane

Question 7

What are the characteristics of the cell membrane structure?

Answer 7

It is a phospholipid bilayer, with hydrophilic heads, and hydrophobic tails, it is selectively permeable

Question 8

What is apoptosis?

Answer 8

Programmed cell death, it is normal.

Example: sunburn

Question 9

What is necrosis?

Answer 9

Cell death due to damage.

Question 10

What is a telomere?

Answer 10

The structure at the end of a chromosome that slowly gets cut off and helps with the protection of the DNA

Question 11

What are the two types of diffusion and their functions?

Answer 11

Simple – movement from high to low concentration without the aid of proteins
Facilitated - aided by channel proteins or transporters

Question 12

What are the four types of tonicity?

Answer 12

Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic, osmatic pressure

Question 13

What are the three main parts of a cell and their description?

Answer 13

Nucleus – brain
Cytoplasm – organelles and cytosol which is the liquid
Cell membrane - used for structure and regulations (semi-permeable)