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AP Government > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who resolves conflicts between National and State government?

A

Supreme Court

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2
Q

This case struck down the ability to arrest suspected illegal immigrants without warrant

A

Arizona vs US

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3
Q

What makes up the federal system?

A

State and Local Government

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4
Q

System in which the national gov and state gov share power and derive all authority from the people

A

Federal system

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5
Q

National gov share power and derive all authority from the people; led to a weak government

A

Confederation

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6
Q

Great Britain adapted this system in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government

A

Unitary System

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7
Q

Powers of the national gov. Specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8

A

Enumerated powers

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8
Q

The powers derived from enumerated powers and necessary and proper clause

A

Implied powers

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9
Q

The constitution underscored the notion that the national gov is supreme in situations of conflict between state and national law

A

Article 6

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10
Q

Entitles states to 2 senators and restrictions to the election

A

Article 1

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11
Q

Require that each state appoint electors to vote for the president

A

Article 2

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12
Q

Guarantees each state a “republican form of gov” meaning one that represents the citizens of the state

A

Article 4

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13
Q

Final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American fed. In stating that the powers not delegated to the national gov are reserved to the states or to the people

A

10th Amendment

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14
Q

Powers reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare for its citizens

A

Reserved powers

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15
Q

Powers shared by the national and state gov

A

Concurrent Powers

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16
Q

Denies some powers to both governments and prohibits the national gov. From granting titles of nobility

A

Article 1

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17
Q

A law declaring an act illegal without judicial trial that neither gov. Are allowed to pass

A

Bill of Attainder

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18
Q

Make an act unpublishable as a crime even if the action was illegal at the time it was committed

A

Ex Post Facto laws

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19
Q

Ensure judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state (Article 4)

A

Full faith and credit clause

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20
Q

Guarantees that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states (Article 4)

A

Privileges and immunities clause

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21
Q

Requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial (Article 4)

A

Extradition Clause

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22
Q

In Article 3, section 10,clause 3 of the constitution sets the legal foundation for interstate cooperation; contracts between states that carry the force of law

A

Interstate compacts

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23
Q

States local gov do not have an inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state gov. That can create and abolish them

A

Dillon’s rule

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24
Q

Articulated by Judge John F Dillon

A

Dillon’s Rule

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25
Q

A document that specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local gov; must be approved by state legislature

A

Charter

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26
Q

Basic administrative units of local gov

A

Counties

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27
Q

City gov greatest in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

A

Municipalities

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28
Q

Local gov restricted to a particular function

A

Special districts

29
Q

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the supremacy clause

A

McCullough vs Maryland

30
Q

Gave congress the authority to levy and collect taxes

A

McCullough vs. Maryland

31
Q

Interstate commerce is an example of what?

A

Regulation

32
Q

Taking away power from the federal gov. And give it back to the states

A

Devolution

33
Q

The SC upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce

A

Gibbons vs Ogden

34
Q

Paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive fed. Power

A

Gibbons vs. Ogden

35
Q

The SC ruled that the due process clause of the 5th amendment did not apply to the actions of the states

A

Barron vs. Baltimore

36
Q

Limited the bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone

A

Barron vs Baltimore

37
Q

The belief that having desperate and equally powerful levels of gov is the best arrangement (layer cake)

A

Dual Federalism

38
Q

Right to declare void and federal law

A

Nullification

39
Q

Ability to succeed or withdraw if provision do not wish to be met

A

Nullification

40
Q

The SC concluded that the US congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories

A

Dredd Scott vs Sandford

41
Q

Enhanced state power and became the framework of dual federalism

A

Dredd Scott vs Sandford

42
Q

Which acts allowed congress to establish itself as the supreme player in the national economy?

A

Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act

43
Q

Authorized Congress to enact national income tax

A

16th Amendment

44
Q

What event ended dual federalism?

A

Civil War

45
Q

Made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislature

A

17th Amendment

46
Q

The intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local gov that began with the New Deal (marble cake)

A

Cooperative Federalism

47
Q

The name given to the program of “relief, reform, and recover begun by Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the US out of the Great Depression

A

New Deal

48
Q

Forced all level of gov to cooperate

A

New deal

49
Q

What are the purposes of grants?

A

1) Providing state and local gov w/ additional funds
2) Setting national standards
3) financially equalize Rich and poor states

50
Q

Grants for which Congress appropriated funds for specific purposes

A

Categorical grants

51
Q

Grant based on population

A

Categorical Grants

52
Q

Used to alter states’ policy priorities or to coerce states to adopt particular policy objectives; mechanism coercion

A

Categorical grants

53
Q

Federal-State relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s and returned power to state gov

A

New Federalism

54
Q

Large grants given to a state by the fed gov with only general spending guidelines; education and health

A

Block grants

55
Q

Prevented Congress from passing costly fed programs without debate but difficult to enforce

A

Unfounded Mandate Reform Act of 1995

56
Q

Federal funds designated for special project within a state or congressional district

A

Programmatic Requests

57
Q

Immigration, redistricting, and health care and sided with national government

A

The Roberts Court

58
Q

Concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas

A

Preemption

59
Q

Pragmatic approach to Federalism that views relations between national and state gov as both coercive and cooperative

A

Progressive Federalism

60
Q

Who influences the limits of national gov?

A

John Marshall

61
Q

Federalism also known as the devolution revolution

A

New Federalism

62
Q

Also known as Conflicted Federalism

A

Progressive Federalism

63
Q

concerned with “understanding which functions and instruments are best centralized and which are best placed in the sphere of decentralized levels of government”

A

Fiscal Federalism

64
Q

an amount of money given to a local government, an institution, or a particular scholar.

A

Grants-in-aid programs

65
Q

the distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state and local governments.

A

Revenue Sharing

66
Q

Stop guns being used on public campuses by using the commerce clause

A

Us vs. Lopez

67
Q

Stop recount

A

Bush vs Gore

68
Q

Cannot ban the ownership and sales of weapons

A

District of Colombia vs Heller

69
Q

Same sex marriage

A

Obergefell vs Hodges

AP Government (9 decks)

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