Chapter 3 Flashcards
Diversity
A state of having
or being composed of differing
attributes.
Social Categorization Theory
proposes that we use characteristics to categorize others into groups, and this shapes our attitudes and behavior toward others.
Stereotypes
general perceptions about a group of
people with similar characteristics.
Abilities
innate capabilities to
perform a specific task.
Personality
the unique and
relatively stable pattern of
behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
shown by individuals.
Extraversion
is a personality
trait associated with being
sociable, talkative, assertive, and
adventurous.
Agreeableness
a personality
trait associated with being
good-natured, cooperative,
trustful, and not jealous.
Conscientiousness
a personality trait associated with
being achievement oriented,
responsible, persevering, and
dependable.
Oppenness to experience
is a personality trait associated
with being intellectual, original,
imaginative, and cultured.
Emotional Stability
a personality
trait associated with being calm,
placid, poised, and not neurotic.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
work behavior that goes
above and beyond normal role or
job expectations to help others or
benefit the organization.
Negative affect
describes a
person who is generally angry,
anxious, and pessimistic.
Positive affect
describes a person
who is generally happy, enthused,
and optimistic.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
a personality inventory
based on Carl Jung’s work on
psychological types.
Core self-evaluation
is a broad trait that integrates an individual’s sense of self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, level of emotional stability, and locus of control.
Locus of control
a person’s
consistent belief about the
sources of success and failure.
Self-esteem
an individual’s
self-evaluation of worth.
Self-efficacy
a person’s belief
that he or she will be able to
complete a task successfully.
Generalized self-efficacy
a person’s belief or confidence
in his or her capability to cope
with and perform in a variety of
situations.
Beliefs
are ideas or opinions we
hold to be true.
Theory X
states that managers assume people are inherently lazy, dislike work, will avoid working hard unless forced to do so, and prefer to be directed rather than accepting responsibility.
Theory Y
states that managers assume people are inherently motivated to work and will feel unfulfilled if they do not have the opportunity to work and make a contribution to society.
Values
are a set of personal
tenets that guide a person’s
actions in evaluating and adapting
to his or her world.
Terminal values
related to desirable ends (what a person
values achieving in life).
Instrumental values
desirable means to achieve end states.
