Chapter 3

Question 1

Diversity

Answer 1

A state of having
or being composed of differing
attributes.

Question 2

Social Categorization Theory

Answer 2

proposes that we use 
characteristics to categorize 
others into groups, and this 
shapes our attitudes and behavior 
toward others.

Question 3

Stereotypes

Answer 3

general perceptions about a group of

people with similar characteristics.

Question 4

Abilities

Answer 4

innate capabilities to

perform a specific task.

Question 5

Personality

Answer 5

the unique and
relatively stable pattern of
behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
shown by individuals.

Question 6

Extraversion

Answer 6

is a personality
trait associated with being
sociable, talkative, assertive, and
adventurous.

Question 7

Agreeableness

Answer 7

a personality
trait associated with being
good-natured, cooperative,
trustful, and not jealous.

Question 8

Conscientiousness

Answer 8

a personality trait associated with
being achievement oriented,
responsible, persevering, and
dependable.

Question 9

Oppenness to experience

Answer 9

is a personality trait associated
with being intellectual, original,
imaginative, and cultured.

Question 10

Emotional Stability

Answer 10

a personality
trait associated with being calm,
placid, poised, and not neurotic.

Question 11

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

Answer 11

work behavior that goes
above and beyond normal role or
job expectations to help others or
benefit the organization.

Question 12

Negative affect

Answer 12

describes a
person who is generally angry,
anxious, and pessimistic.

Question 13

Positive affect

Answer 13

describes a person
who is generally happy, enthused,
and optimistic.

Question 14

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 14

a personality inventory
based on Carl Jung’s work on
psychological types.

Question 15

Core self-evaluation

Answer 15

is a broad 
trait that integrates an individual’s 
sense of self-esteem, generalized 
self-efficacy, level of emotional 
stability, and locus of control.

Question 16

Locus of control

Answer 16

a person’s
consistent belief about the
sources of success and failure.

Question 17

Self-esteem

Answer 17

an individual’s

self-evaluation of worth.

Question 18

Self-efficacy

Answer 18

a person’s belief
that he or she will be able to
complete a task successfully.

Question 19

Generalized self-efficacy

Answer 19

a person’s belief or confidence
in his or her capability to cope
with and perform in a variety of
situations.

Question 20

Beliefs

Answer 20

are ideas or opinions we

hold to be true.

Question 21

Theory X

Answer 21

states that managers 
assume people are inherently lazy, 
dislike work, will avoid working 
hard unless forced to do so, and 
prefer to be directed rather than 
accepting responsibility.

Question 22

Theory Y

Answer 22

states that managers 
assume people are inherently 
motivated to work and will feel 
unfulfilled if they do not have the 
opportunity to work and make a 
contribution to society.

Question 23

Values

Answer 23

are a set of personal
tenets that guide a person’s
actions in evaluating and adapting
to his or her world.

Question 24

Terminal values

Answer 24

related to desirable ends (what a person

values achieving in life).

Question 25

Instrumental values

Answer 25

desirable means to achieve end states.