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MOD I > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute

neutrophils

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2
Q

asthma

A

acute
eosinophils: IgE Abs
chronic
eosinophils: IgE Abs

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3
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

acute

abs and complement, neutrophils, monocytes

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4
Q

septic shock

A

acute

cytokines

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5
Q

arthritis

A

chronic

lymphocytes, macrophages, Abs

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

chronic

macrophages, lymphocytes

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7
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

chronic

macrophages, fibroblasts

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8
Q

acute inflammation

A

onset - minutes or hours
cellular infiltrate - mainly neutrophils
tissue injury, fibrosis - usually mild and self limited
local and systemic signs - prominent

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9
Q

chronic inflammation

A

onset - days
cellular infiltrate - monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes
tissue injury, fibrosis - often severe and progressive
local and systemic signs - less

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10
Q

L selectin (CD62L)

A

distribution -Neutrophils, monocytes T cells, B cells

ligand - expressed on endothelium

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11
Q

E selectin (CD62L)

A

distribution - Endothelium activated by cytokines (TNF, IL-1)
ligand - expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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12
Q

P selectin (CD62P)

A

distribution - Endothelium activated by cytokines (TNF, IL-1), histamine, or thrombin
ligand - expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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13
Q

LFA 1

A

distribution - Neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

ligand - ICAM 1 endothelium

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14
Q

MAC 1

A

distribution - Monocytes, DCs

ligand - ICAM 1 endothelium

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15
Q

VLA 4

A

distribution - monocytes T cells

ligand - VCAM 1 on endothelium

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16
Q

alpha 4 beta 7

A

distribution - Monocytes T cells

ligand - VCAM 1 on endothelium

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17
Q

CD 31

A

distribution - endothelial cells, leukocytes

ligand - CD 31

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18
Q

histamine

A

source - Mast cells, basophils, platelets

action - Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, endothelial activation

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19
Q

prostaglandins

A

source - Mast cells, leukocytes

action - Vasodilation, pain, fever

20
Q

leukotrienes

A

source - Mast cells, leukocytes

action - Increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and activation

21
Q

cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6)

A

source - Macrophages, endothelial cells, mast cells
action - Local: endothelial activation (expression of adhesion molecules). Systemic: fever, metabolic abnormalities, hypotension (shock)

22
Q

chemokines

A

source - Leukocytes, activated macrophages

action - Chemotaxis, leukocyte activation

23
Q

platelet activating factor

A

source - Leukocytes, mast cells

action - asodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, degranulation, oxidative burst

24
Q

complement

A

source - plasma (produced in liver)
action - Leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, direct target killing (membrane attack complex), vasodilation (mast cell stimulation)

25
Q

kinins

A

source - plasma (produced in liver)

action - Increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, pain

26
Q

vasodilation

A

prostaglandins PGE 1 and 2 PGI2 PGD2

histamine

27
Q

vasoconstriction

A

thromboxane A2, leukotriens C4 D4 E4

28
Q

increased vascular permeability

A

leukotrienes C4 D4 E4
histamine and serotonin
C3a and C5a

29
Q

chemotaxis

A

leukotrienes B4 HETE
TNF, IL-1
chemokines
C3a and C5a

30
Q

TNF

A

source - Macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes

action - Stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines; systemic effects

31
Q

IL-1

A

source - Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells
actions - Similar to TNF; greater role in fever

32
Q

IL-6

A

source - Macrophages, other cells

actions - Systemic effects (acute phase response)

33
Q

chemokines

A

source - Macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, mast cells, other cell types
actions - Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation; migration of cells in normal tissues

34
Q

IL-17

A

source - T lymphocytes

actions - Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes

35
Q

IL-12

A

source - Dendritic cells, macrophages

actions - Increased production of IFN-gamma

36
Q

IFN gamma

A

source - T lymphocytes, NK cells

actions - Activation of macrophages (increased ability to kill microbes and tumor cells)

37
Q

IL-17

A

source - T lymphocytes

actions - Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes

38
Q

fever

A

IL-1 TNF

prostaglandins

39
Q

pain

A

prostaglandins

bradykinin

40
Q

tissue damage

A

lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes

ROS

41
Q

tuberculosis

A 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Caseating granuloma (tubercle): focus of activated macrophages (epithelioid cells), rimmed by fibroblasts, lymphocytes, histiocytes, occasional Langhans giant cells; central necrosis with amorphous granular debris; acid-fast bacilli
42
Q

leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

Acid-fast bacilli in macrophages; noncaseating granulomas

43
Q

syphilis

A

treponema pallidum
Gumma: microscopic to grossly visible lesion, enclosing wall of histiocytes; plasma cell infiltrate; central cells are necrotic without loss of cellular outline

44
Q

cat scratch disease

A

Gram-negative bacillus

Rounded or stellate granuloma containing central granular debris and recognizable neutrophils; giant cells uncommon

45
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Noncaseating granulomas with abundant activated macrophages

46
Q

crohn disease

A

Immune reaction against intestinal bacteria, possibly self antigens
Occasional noncaseating granulomas in the wall of the intestine, with dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate

MOD I (4 decks)

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