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Abnormal Psychology > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the purposes of clinical assessment

A

To understand the individual
To predict behavior
To plan treatment
To evaluate treatment outcome

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2
Q

how does analogous to a funnel work?

A

Starts broad
Multidimensional in approach
Narrow to specific problem areas

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3
Q

what does reliability encompass?

A

Consistency in measurement

Examples include test-retest and inter-rater reliability

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4
Q

what does validity include?

A

What an assessment approach measures and how well it does so

Examples include concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validity

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5
Q

what is standardization?

A

Ensures consistency in the use of a technique
Provides population benchmarks for comparison
Examples include structured administration, scoring, and evaluation procedures

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6
Q

value of assessment depends on:

A

realiability: the degree to which a measurement is consistent

Validity: the degree to which a technique measures what it is designed to measure

standardization: application to certain standards to ensure consistency across different measurements

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7
Q

clinical interview

A

Most common clinical assessment method

Structured or semi-structured

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8
Q

mental status exam

A 
Appearance and behavior
Thought processes
Mood and affect
Intellectual functioning
Sensorium
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9
Q

what might someone be looking for during a behavioral assessment?

A

Focus on the present – here and now
Direct observation of behavior-environment relations
Purpose is to identify problematic behaviors and situations
ABCs – Identify antecedents, behaviors, and consequences

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10
Q

an observational assessment focuses on…

A

antecedents
behavior
consequences

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11
Q

how can aBehavioral observation and behavioral assessment be done?

A

Can be either formal or informal
Self-monitoring vs. being observed by others
Problem of reactivity using direct observation

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12
Q

when are ink blots used?

A

Rorschach test

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13
Q

how areIntelligence tests

done

A

Nature of intellectual functioning and IQ
The deviation IQ
Verbal and performance domains

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14
Q

Problems with neuropsychological tests

A

False positives

False negatives

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15
Q

define neuroimaging

A

pictures of the brain

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16
Q

Psychophysiological assessment domains

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG) – brain wave activity.
ERP – Event related potentials
Heart rate and respiration – cardiorespiratory activity
Electrodermal response and levels – sweat gland activity

17
Q

Uses of routine psychophysiological assessment

A

Disorders involving a strong emotional component
Examples
PTSD, sexual dysfunctions, sleep disorders
Headache and hypertension

18
Q

defineIdiographic strategy

A

What is unique about an individual’s personality, cultural background, or circumstances

19
Q

define Nomothetic strategy

A

Identifying a specific psychological disorder, to make a diagnosis

20
Q

taxonomy

A

classification in a scientific context

21
Q

nosology

A

– taxonomy in psychological/medical phenomena

22
Q

nomenclature

A

Nomenclature – nosological labels (e.g., panic disorder)

23
Q

Categorical and dimensional approaches

A

Classical (or pure) categorical approach – strict categories
Dimensional approach – classification along dimensions
Prototypical approach – combines classical and dimensional views

24
Q

basic characteristics of DSM-IV-TR

A

Five axes – full clinical presentation
Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for disorders
Disorders are categorized under broad headings
Empirically-grounded, prototypic approach to classification

25
Q

what are the problems with the DSM-IV-TR

A

Defined as two or more disorders for the same person
High comorbidity is the rule, clinically
Threatens the validity of separate diagnoses
Labeling issues and stigmatization
DSM-5
Due out summer 2013

26
Q

what goes into research design?

A

A method to test hypotheses
Independent variable
The variable that causes or influences behavior
Dependent variable
The behavior influenced by the independent variable

27
Q

how does the case study method work?

A

Extensive observation and detailed description of a client
Foundation of early historic developments in psychopathology
Limitations
Lacks scientific rigor and suitable controls
Internal validity is typically weak
Often entails numerous confounds

28
Q

define epidemiology

A

the study of the incidence, distribution, and consequences of a particular problem or set of problems in one or more populations

29
Q

Abnormal psychology is founded in the scientific method

A

Understand the nature of abnormality and human suffering
Understand the causes of psychological disorders
Understand the course of psychological disorders
Understand how to prevent and treat psychological disorders

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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