chapter 1 Flashcards
Hippocrates view of abnormal behavior?
Abnormal behavior as a physical disease
Hysteria “the wandering uterus”
Who extended hippocrates work on abnormal behavior?
Galen
Describe theGalenic-Hippocratic tradition
Linked abnormality with brain chemical imbalances
Foreshadowed modern views
when wasGeneral paresis (syphilis) and the biological link with madness
19th century
who discovered the cause of syphilis – a bacterial microorganism
Pastuer
___ is a successful treatment on syphilis?
Penicillin
Who began mental illness reform in the US during the 19th century?
John P. Grey- Championed biological tradition in the U.S.
in the 19th century mental illness began to be seen as what?
physical ilness
What was Emil Kraepelin credited with
Diagnosis and classification
before the 19th century treatments for mental illnesses were very ____
crude
Proponents of moral therapy had contributions from whom?
Philippe Pinel and Jean Baptiste Pussin
Benjamin Rush- Led Reforms in U.S.
Dorothea Dix- mental hygiene movement
William Tuke-followed pinel’s lead in England
Freudian theory of the structure and function of the mind
Unconscious
Catharsis
Psychoanalytic model
Define Id?
(pleasure principle; illogical, emotional, irrational
Define Ego.
(reality principle; logical and rational)
define Superego
(moral principles; keeps id and ego in balance)
Defense mechanisms in the brain cause
ego loses the battle with the id and superego
Psychosexual stages of development
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages
type of thinking going on in the Superego is
conscience and driven by moral principles
type of thinking going on in the Ego Mediator is?
logical and rational and driven by the reality principle
type of thinking going on in the id
biological; emotional and irrational and driven by the pleasure principle
Anna Freud and self-psychology
Emphasized influence of the ego in defining behavior
Melanie Klein, Otto Kernberg, and object relations theory
Emphasized how children incorporate (introject) objects
Objects – images, memories, and values of significant others
The “Neo-Freudians”: Departures from Freudian thought
De-emphasized the sexual core of Freud’s theory
Jung, Adler, Horney, Fromm, and Erickson
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy is?
the talking cure
what arehidden intrapsychic conflicts
“The real problems”
is there a lot of evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (talking)?
no
who is a major play in the humanistic theory?
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
what are the major themes of humanistic theory?
People are basically good
Humans strive toward self-actualization
classical conditioning and the behavior model are best known by__ and ___
Pavlov and Watson
how does Operant conditioning work?
Reinforcement
Another ubiquitous form of learning
Voluntary behavior is controlled by consequences
Who was an early pioneer of behavior therapy?
Joseph Wolpe – systematic desensitization
Is there strong evidence supporting behavior therapy?
Strong evidence supporting the efficacy of behavior therapies
Unidimensional accounts of psychopathology are
incomplete.
Defining abnormal behavior is a ___, ____, and ____ process
Complex, multifaceted, and has evolved
The supernatural tradition
Has no place in a science of abnormal behavior
is there a single definition of psychological normality?
no
what three criteria must be present to define a psychological disorder?
psychological dysfunction
distress or impairment
atypical response
definePsychological dysfunction
Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning
define personal distress
Difficulty performing appropriate and expected rolesImpairment is set in the context of a person’s background
define atypical or not culturally expected response.
Reaction is outside cultural norms
define abnormal behavior.
A psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not typical or culturally expected
what is the field of psychopathology
The scientific study of psychological disorders
who make upMental health professionals
The Ph.D.: Clinical and counseling psychologist
The Psy.D.: Clinical and counseling “Doctor of Psychology”
The Ed.D.: Clinical and counseling “Doctor of Education
M.D.: Psychiatrist
Psychiatric social worker
Psychiatric nurse
Family therapists
what does a scientist practitioner do?
Stays current with research in field
Evaluates own assessment and treatment
Conducts research
Three major categories make up the study and discussion of psychological disorders.
Focus:
Clinical Description
Causation (etiology)
Treatment and outcome
what is included in a clinical description?
Begins with the presenting problem
Description aims to:
Distinguish clinically significant dysfunction from common human experience
Describe prevalence and incidence of disordersDescribe onset of disorders
Acute vs. insidious onset
Describe course of disorders
Episodic, time-limited, or chronic course
PrognosisBegins with the presenting problem
what is included in causation, treatment, and outcome
Etiology
What contributes to the development of psychopathology?
Treatment development
How can we help alleviate psychological suffering?
Includes pharmacologic, psychosocial, and/or combined treatmentsTreatment outcome research
How do we know that we have helped?
Limited in specifying actual causes of disorders
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior
Major psychological disorders have existed in all cultures and across all time periods.
Causes and treatment of abnormal behavior vary widely across cultures, time periods, world views.
what are 3 historical conceptions of abnormal behavior over the years?
Three dominant traditions
Supernatural
Biological
Psychological
Mass hysteria
examples
Saint Vitus’s Dance and Tarantism
Modern Mass hysteria examples
Emotion contagion
Mob psychology
The moon and the stars
and abnormal behavior
Paracelsus and lunacy
