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Ultrasound Physics > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Aperture

A

Size of transducer element or group of elements

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2
Q

Apodization

A

Nonuniform driving of elements in an array to reduce grating lobes

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3
Q

Array

A

A transducer assembly containing several piezoelectric elements

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4
Q

Axial

A

In the direction of the transducer axis

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5
Q

Axial Resolution

A

The minimum reflector separation along the sound path that is required to produce separate echoes

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6
Q

Beam

A

Region containing continuous wave sound; region through which a sound pulse propagates

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7
Q

Composite

A

Combination of a piezoelectric ceramic and a non- piezoelectric polymer

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8
Q

Convex Array

A

Curved Linear Array

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9
Q

Crystal

A

Element

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10
Q

Curie Point

A

Temperature at which an element material loses its piezoelectric properties

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11
Q

Damping

A

Material attached to the rear face of a transducer element to reduce the pulse duration

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12
Q

Detail Resolution

A

The ability to image fine detail and to distinguish closely spaced reflectors

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13
Q

Disk

A

A thin flat circular object

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14
Q

Dynamic Aperture

A

Aperture that increases with increasing focal length

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15
Q

Dynamic Focusing

A

Continuously variable reception focusing that follows the increasing depth of the transmitted pulse as it travels

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16
Q

Element

A

The piezoelectric component of a transducer

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17
Q

Elevational Resolution

A

The detail resolution in the direction perpendicular to the scan plane. It is equal to the section thickness and the is the source of section thickness artifact

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18
Q

Far Zone

A

The region of a sound beam diameter increases as as the distance from the transducer increases - also called far field

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19
Q

Focal Length

A

Distance from a focused transducer of the center of a focal region or the location of the spatial peak intensity.

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20
Q

Focal Region

A

Region of the minimum beam diameter and area

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21
Q

Focal Zone

A

Length of the focal region

22
Q

Focus

A

The concentration of the sound beam into a smaller beam area that would exist otherwise

23
Q

Grating Lobe

A

Additional weaker beams of sound traveling out in directions different from the primary beam as a result of the multi-element structure of transducer arrays

24
Q

Lateral

A

Perpendicular to the direction of sound travel

25
Q

Lateral Resolution

A

Minimum reflector separation perpendicular to the sound path that is required to produce separate echoes

26
Q

Lead Zirconate Titanate

A

A ceramic piezoelectric material

27
Q

Lens

A

A curved material that focuses a sound or light beam

28
Q

Linear

A

Same as line

29
Q

Linear Array

A

Array made of rectangular elements arranged in a straight line

30
Q

Linear Phased Array

A

Linear array operated by applying voltage pulses to all elements but with small time differences to direct ultrasound pulses out in various directions

31
Q

Linear Sequenced Array

A

Linear array operated by applying voltage pulses to groups of elements sequentially

32
Q

Matching Layer

A

Material attached to the front face of a transducer element to reduce the reflections at the transducer surface

33
Q

Natural Focus

A

The narrowing of a sound beam that occurs with an unfocused flat transducer element

34
Q

Near Zone

A

The region of sound beam in which the beam diameter decreases as the distance from the transducer increases also called near field

35
Q

Operating Frequency

A

Preferred frequency of operation of a transducer

36
Q

Phased Array

A

An array that steers and focuses the beam electronically

37
Q

Phased Linear Array

A

Linear sequenced array with phased focusing added; linear sequenced array with phased steering of pulses to produce a parallelogram-shaped display

38
Q

Piezoelectricity

A

Conversion Conversion of pressure to electric voltage

39
Q

Probe

A

Transducer assembly

40
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish echoes in terms of space, time, or strength

41
Q

Resonance Frequency

A

Operating frequency

42
Q

Scanhead

A

Transducer assembly

43
Q

Sector

A

A geometric figure bounded by 2 radii and the arc of the circle included between them

44
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability of an imaging system to detect weak echoes

45
Q

Side Lobes

A

Weaker beams of sound traveling out from a single element in directions different from those of the primary beam

46
Q

Sound Beam

A

The region of the medium that contains virtually all of the sound produced by a transducer

47
Q

Source

A

An emitter of sound

48
Q

Transducer

A

A device that converts energy from one form to another

49
Q

Transducer Assembly

A

Transducer elements with damping and matching materials assembled in a case

50
Q

Ultrasound Transducer

A

A device that converts electric energy to ultrasound energy and vice versa

51
Q

Vector Array

A

Linear sequenced array that emits pulses from different starting points and in different directions

Ultrasound Physics (5 decks)

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