Chapter 3

Question 1

What was the greatest wind speed ever measured at Earth’s surface? Where? What year?

Answer 1

370 km/hr
Mount Washington
1934

Question 2

True or False

Because air is a fluid, it can move easily from place to place.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the force that makes air move?

Answer 3

A difference in air pressure.

Question 4

True or False

Fluids tend to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

A __________ is the horizontal movement of air from and area of ______ pressure to an area of _____ pressure

Answer 5

wind
high
lower

Question 6

True or false

All winds are caused by differences in air pressure.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are most differences in air pressure caused by?

Answer 7

Unequal heating of the atmosphere.

Question 8

How are winds described?

Answer 8

By their direction and speed

Question 9

What measurement tool determines wind direction?

Answer 9

a wind vane

Question 10

A south wind blows from the _________ to the ________.

Answer 10

south

north

Question 11

A _________ wind blows to the south.

Answer 11

north

Question 12

What tool is used to measure wind speed?

Answer 12

an anemometer

Question 13

Describe an anemometer.

Answer 13

Has 3 or 4 cups mounted at the ends of spokes that spin on an axle. The force of the wind against the cups turns the axle.

Question 14

What is attached to the axle of the anemometer to show wind speed?

Answer 14

Speedometer.

Question 15

What is the increased cooling that a wind can cause called?

Answer 15

Wind chill factor

Question 16

Convection currents form when an area of earth’s surface is heated by what?

Answer 16

sun’s rays

Question 17

Air over the heated surface of the earth expands and becomes less ________.

Answer 17

Dense

Question 18

As air becomes less dense, what happens to air pressure?

Answer 18

it decreases

Question 19

If a nearby area is not heated as much, the air above the less heated area will be cooler and ______.

Answer 19

denser

Question 20

Cool, dense air has a ________ air pressure so it flows underneath the _______, less dense air.

Answer 20

higher

warm

Question 21

How many meters above sea level is the highest point in the northeastern USA? And where is it?

Answer 21

1917 meters

Mount Washington in New Hampshire

Question 22

______ winds are winds that blow over short distances.

Answer 22

Local

Question 23

Local winds are caused by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a _______ area.

Answer 23

small

Question 24

Unequal heating often occurs on land that is next to a _____ ____ ___ ______.

Answer 24

large body of water

Question 25

True or false | It takes more energy to warm up a body of water than it does to warm up an equal area of land.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

As the sun heats earth's surface during the day, the _____ warms faster than the water

Answer 26

land

Question 27

The air over the land becomes _______ than the air over the water.

Answer 27

warmer

Question 28

The warm air ______ and _____ creating a low pressure area.

Answer 28

expands and rises

Question 29

_____ air blows inland from the water and moves underneath the warm air.

Answer 29

Cool

Question 30

A wind that blows from an ocean or lake onto land is known as what?

Answer 30

Sea breeze or Lake breeze

Question 31

At night, land ____ more quickly than water so the air over the land becomes cooler than the air over the water.

Answer 31

cools

Question 32

The flow of air from land to a body of water is called:

Answer 32

land breeze

Question 33

In the summer in South and Southeast Asia, the land gradually gets _____ than the ocean.

Answer 33

warmer

Question 34

Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons are called:

Answer 34

monsoons

Question 35

As the humid air rises over the land, the air cools, producing _______ ________ that supply the water needed by rice and other crops.

Answer 35

heavy rains.

Question 36

Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances are called _____ _____.

Answer 36

global winds

Question 37

Global winds are created by unequal heating of ______ surface.

Answer 37

earth's

Question 38

Warm air rises at the ______ and cold air sinks at the _____.

Answer 38

equator | sinks

Question 39

Air pressure is ____ near the equator and ______ near the poles

Answer 39

lower | greater

Question 40

Winds at the earth's surface to blow from ______ toward the ______.

Answer 40

poles | equator

Question 41

The movement of air between the equator and the poles produces _____ _______.

Answer 41

global winds

Question 42

The way if earth's rotation makes the winds curve is called

Answer 42

the coriolis effect

Question 43

in the northern hemisphere, all global winds gradually turn toward the _____.

Answer 43

right

Question 44

In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind blowing toward the north gradually turns toward the __________.

Answer 44

northeast

Question 45

In the southern hemisphere, winds curve toward the _____. and, a south wind gradually changes to a _______ wind while a north wind becomes a ____ wind.

Answer 45

left southeast northwest

Question 46

The major global wind belts are:

Answer 46

the trade winds the prevailing westerlies the polar easterlies

Question 47

The Coriolis effect and other factors combine to produce a pattern of _______ areas and _____ belts around the earth.

Answer 47

calm | wind

Question 48

What do the calm areas include?

Answer 48

the doldrums | the horse latitudes

Question 49

About 10 km above earth's surface are bands of high speed winds called _____ _____.

Answer 49

jet streams

Question 50

Jet streams are _____ of km wide and a ____ km deep.

Answer 50

hundreds | few

Question 51

Jet streams blow from _____ to _____ at speeds of ___ to ____ per hour.

Answer 51

west east 200 400

Question 52

As jet streams travel around earth, they wander north and _____ along a wavy path.

Answer 52

south

Question 53

Pilots can save fuel and time by flying _____ in a jet stream

Answer 53

east

Question 54

Airplanes flying at jet stream altitudes are slowed down when traveling _____ against the jet stream winds.

Answer 54

west

Question 55

Cold air near the poles sinks and flows back toward lower ______.

Answer 55

latitudes

Question 56

The Coriolis effect shifts these polar winds to the _____, producing winds call the _____ _____.

Answer 56

west | polar easterlies

Question 57

The polar easterlies meet the prevailing westerlies at about ____ north and _____ south latitudes, along a region called the polar front.

Answer 57

60 | 60

Question 58

In mid latitudes, winds that blow toward the poles are turned toward the east by the ______ ______. And because they blow from _____ to the east, they are called ______ _______.

Answer 58

Coriolis effect west prevailing westerlies

Question 59

The prevailing westerlies blow from the southwest between _____ and ____ north latitudes and from the northwest between ______ and ____ south latitudes.

Answer 59

30 60 30 60

Question 60

Near the equator, the sun heats the surface strongly. Warm air _____ steadily, creating an area of _____ pressure.

Answer 60

rises | low

Question 61

Cool air moves into an area, warms rapidly, and rises before it moves very far. There is little _______ motion so the winds near the equator are (very strong/very weak). Regions near the equator with little or no wind are called _________.

Answer 61

horizontal very weak Doldrums

Question 62

Air stops moving at about 30 degrees north and south latitude. Hundreds of years ago, sailors in these waters ran out of food and water for their horses and had to throw the horses overboard. Because of this, this area is called ______ _______.

Answer 62

horse latitudes

Question 63

When cold air over the _____ ______ sinks, it produces a region of high pressure. This high pressure causes surface winds to blow toward the equator are turned _____ by the Coriolis effect. As a result, winds in the Northern Hemisphere between 30 degrees north latitude and the equator blow generally from the ________northeast. In the Souther Hemisphere between 30 degrees south latitude and the equator, winds blow from the ________. These steady easterly winds are called ______ ______. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on them to carry cargoes from Europe to West Indies and South America.

Answer 63

horse latitudes west southeast trade winds

Question 64

Wind comes from ________ heating in the ______.

Answer 64

unequal | atmosphere

Question 65

A global winds affect a huge ____ _____.

Answer 65

land mass

Question 66

Which winds would you rely on to travel back to Spain?

Answer 66

Westerlies

Question 67

If you wanted to travel from Spain to the Caribbean on a sailboat, which winds would you rely on to get you there.

Answer 67

Trade Winds

Question 68

True or False | The smaller the temperature differences, the stronger the wind will be.

Answer 68

False. Larger temperatures create stronger winds

Question 69

True or False | Wind are named for the direction they are blowing toward.

Answer 69

False - Trade winds are not named for the direction they blow to