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Science 7th Grade Ch2 Section 1-2 > Chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy transferring through waves is also known as

A

Radiation

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2
Q

This type of energy has longer wavelengths than visible light.

A

Infrared Radiation

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3
Q

This type of energy has shorter wavelengths than visible light

A

Ultraviolet Radiation

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4
Q

This is the term for “lights flashing in all directions”.

A

Scattering

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5
Q

This refers to when gases trap heat in the atmosphere to form a “blanket” around earth.

A

Greenhouse Effect

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6
Q

The Greenhouse Effect occurs when gases trap heat in the atmosphere to form a ________ around earth.

A

“blanket”

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7
Q

A form of energy that can travel through space

A

Electromagnetic Energy

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8
Q

The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

A

Radiation

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9
Q

A form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than visible light

A

Infrared Radiation

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10
Q

A form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light

A

Ultraviolet radiation

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11
Q

Reflection of light in all directions.

A

Scattering

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12
Q

Greenhouse Effect occurs when heat is trapped in the atmosphere by:

a. water vapor
b. carbon monoxide
c. methane
d. other gases
e. carbon dioxide
f. all of the above
g. a, c, d, e

A

g. a, c, d, e

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13
Q

What is the process called that takes energy from the sun and transfers it in electromagnetic waves?

A

Radiation

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14
Q

Where does most visible light and infrared radiation come from?

A

the sun

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15
Q

Different colors result of different wavelengths of visible light form a ______.

A

rainbow

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16
Q

What absorbs most ultraviolet radiation?

A

Ozone

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17
Q

What absorbs other radiation besides ultraviolet radiation?

A

clouds
dust
other gases

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18
Q

What does the earth do with sunlight?

A

Shoots it back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation

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19
Q

True or False:

The Greenhouse Effect makes the environment less comfortable for most living things.

A

False.

Makes it MORE comfortable

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20
Q

This refers to how much energy molecules have in an object

A

Thermal Energy

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21
Q

This term refers to how hot or cold something is.

A

temperature

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22
Q

what is the tool called that measures temperature?

A

Thermometer

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23
Q

This refers to “Hot” transferring to “Cooler” stuff through direct contact.

A

Conduction

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24
Q

This term refers to heat transferred in a fluid or gas.

A

convection

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25
Q

This term refers to the energy of motion in the molecules of a substance.

A

Thermal Energy

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26
Q

This term refers to the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance

A

Temperature

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27
Q

A thin glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid (usually mercury or alcohol). Is used to measure temperature.

A

Thermometer

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28
Q

The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one

A

heat

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29
Q

The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching

A

Conduction

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30
Q

The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid or gas

A

Convection

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31
Q

Gases consist of spread molecules that are always ______.

A

moving

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32
Q

Why do thermometers work?

A

Because the liquid expands when it is hot and contracts when cooled

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33
Q

In what three things is heat transferred?

A

radiation
conduction
convection

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34
Q

True or False

The earth’s surface is warmed by radiation and conduction from the surface to the air.

A

True

35
Q

True or False:

Convection causes most of the heating in the troposphere.

A

True

36
Q

True or False:

The more energy, the slower the molecules move.

A

False.

They move FASTER

37
Q

True or False

The sky appears blue because blue is scattered more than other colors.

A

True

38
Q

The energy from the sun is mostly _____ and ______.

A

light and radiation

39
Q

What is the term for energy of motion of molecules?

A

Thermal Energy

40
Q

The earth’s surface _________ directly to the atmosphere.

A

Conducts

41
Q

___________ circulates heat throughout the atmosphere

A

Convection

42
Q

In colder air, molecules move (closer or farther)?

A

Closer

43
Q

When air is warmed the molecules move (closer or farther) and the air becomes (more or less) dense

A

farther

less

44
Q

The movement of _____ in the atmosphere causes temperatures to change, winds to blow, and rain to fall.

A

heat

45
Q

True or False:

Heat is not a major factor in the weather?

A

False.

IT IS!

46
Q

True or False:

Nearly all of the energy in the earth’s atmosphere comes from the moon.

A

False.

Comes from the SUN!

47
Q

Electromagnetic waves are classified according to _____ or distance between waves.

A

wavelength

48
Q

The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ________.

A

Radiation

49
Q

Most of the energy from the sun reaches Earth in the form of _________ light, infrared_______, and a small amount of _________ radiation.

A

visible
radiation
ultraviolet

50
Q

Visible light is a mixture of all of the colors that you see in a rainbow which are what:

A 
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
violet
51
Q

What causes the colors in a rainbow to be different?

A

different wavelengths

52
Q

What colors have the longest wavelengths?

a. red and orange
b. red and blue
c. blue and violet

A

a. red and orange

53
Q

What colors have the shortest wavelengths?

a. red and orange
b. red and blue
c. blue and violet

A

c. blue and violet

54
Q

True or False:

Infrared radiation is a form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than red light.

A

True

55
Q

True or False:

Infrared radiation is not visible but can be felt as heat.

A

True

56
Q

True or false:

The wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation are shorter than violet light.

A

True

57
Q

What form of radiation can also cause skin cancer and eye damage?

A

Ultraviolet radiation

58
Q

True or False

Clouds in the atmosphere act like mirrors, reflecting some solar energy back into space.

A

True

59
Q

True or False

Dust particles and molecules of gases in the atmosphere reflect light from the sun in two directions.

A

False

Reflects light from the sun in ALL directions

60
Q

This reflection of light in all directions is called ___________.

A

Scattering

61
Q

When you look at the sky, the light you see has been scattered by ______ _________ in the atmosphere.

A

gas molecules

62
Q

______ ___________ scatter short wavelengths of visible light (blue and indigo) more than long wavelengths (red and orange).

A

Gas molecules

63
Q

True or False

Scattered light is bluer than ordinary sunlight, which is why the daytime sky looks blue.

A

True

64
Q

What happens to the sun’s energy that is absorbed by the land and water?

A

It is changed into heat.

65
Q

Three forms of radiation from the sun:

A

infrared
ultraviolet
visible

66
Q

Gases are made up of small particles called ______ which are constantly _________.

A

molecules

moving

67
Q

Would molecules in ice cold lemonade move slowly or quickly?

A

Slowly

68
Q

Would molecules in hot chocolate move slowly or quickly?

A

Quickly

69
Q

What happens in a thermometer when the temperature decreases?

A

The liquid in the bulb contracts and moves down the tube.

70
Q

Heat is transferred in what three ways?

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection

71
Q

True or False.

Radiation, conduction, and convection work together to heat the troposphere.

A

True

72
Q

What happens to the solar energy during the day? And what is the result?

A

The earth’s surface absorbs it.

The surface of the land becomes warmer than the air.

73
Q

What’s happening with air near the earth’s surface during the day?

A

It is being warmed by radiation and the conduction of heat from the surface to the air.

74
Q

How much of the troposphere is heated by conduction (heat conducting from one air molecule to another)?

A

Only the first few meters.

75
Q

True or False:

The air closest to the ground is usually warmer than the air a few meters up.

A

True

76
Q

What causes most of the heating of the troposphere? And why?

A

Convection.

Air near the ground is heated and the molecules have more energy which causes them to move faster.

77
Q

As the molecules in the heated air move, what happens?

A

The molecules bump into each other.

78
Q

When the molecules in the heated air bump into each other do they get closer together or farther apart?

A

Farther apart

79
Q

When the molecules in the heated air move, bump into each other, and move farther apart, what happens to the air?

A

Becomes less dense.

80
Q

What happens to cooler denser air - does it rise or sink? Then what happens to the warmer air?

A

It sinks.

The warmer less dense air rises.

81
Q

So… when there is an upward movement of warm air and a downward movement of cool air what results?

A

Convection currents

82
Q

___________ currents move heat throughout the troposphere.

A

Convection

83
Q

These are waves of energy traveling through space.

A

Electomagnetic

Science 7th Grade Ch2 Section 1-2 (3 decks)

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