Chapter 1-2 Flashcards
Energy transferring through waves is also known as
Radiation
This type of energy has longer wavelengths than visible light.
Infrared Radiation
This type of energy has shorter wavelengths than visible light
Ultraviolet Radiation
This is the term for “lights flashing in all directions”.
Scattering
This refers to when gases trap heat in the atmosphere to form a “blanket” around earth.
Greenhouse Effect
The Greenhouse Effect occurs when gases trap heat in the atmosphere to form a ________ around earth.
“blanket”
A form of energy that can travel through space
Electromagnetic Energy
The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation
A form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than visible light
Infrared Radiation
A form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light
Ultraviolet radiation
Reflection of light in all directions.
Scattering
Greenhouse Effect occurs when heat is trapped in the atmosphere by:
a. water vapor
b. carbon monoxide
c. methane
d. other gases
e. carbon dioxide
f. all of the above
g. a, c, d, e
g. a, c, d, e
What is the process called that takes energy from the sun and transfers it in electromagnetic waves?
Radiation
Where does most visible light and infrared radiation come from?
the sun
Different colors result of different wavelengths of visible light form a ______.
rainbow
What absorbs most ultraviolet radiation?
Ozone
What absorbs other radiation besides ultraviolet radiation?
clouds
dust
other gases
What does the earth do with sunlight?
Shoots it back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation
True or False:
The Greenhouse Effect makes the environment less comfortable for most living things.
False.
Makes it MORE comfortable
This refers to how much energy molecules have in an object
Thermal Energy
This term refers to how hot or cold something is.
temperature
what is the tool called that measures temperature?
Thermometer
This refers to “Hot” transferring to “Cooler” stuff through direct contact.
Conduction
This term refers to heat transferred in a fluid or gas.
convection
This term refers to the energy of motion in the molecules of a substance.
Thermal Energy
This term refers to the average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance
Temperature
A thin glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid (usually mercury or alcohol). Is used to measure temperature.
Thermometer
The energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one
heat
The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching
Conduction
The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid or gas
Convection
Gases consist of spread molecules that are always ______.
moving
Why do thermometers work?
Because the liquid expands when it is hot and contracts when cooled
In what three things is heat transferred?
radiation
conduction
convection
True or False
The earth’s surface is warmed by radiation and conduction from the surface to the air.
True
True or False:
Convection causes most of the heating in the troposphere.
True
True or False:
The more energy, the slower the molecules move.
False.
They move FASTER
True or False
The sky appears blue because blue is scattered more than other colors.
True
The energy from the sun is mostly _____ and ______.
light and radiation
What is the term for energy of motion of molecules?
Thermal Energy
The earth’s surface _________ directly to the atmosphere.
Conducts
___________ circulates heat throughout the atmosphere
Convection
In colder air, molecules move (closer or farther)?
Closer
When air is warmed the molecules move (closer or farther) and the air becomes (more or less) dense
farther
less
The movement of _____ in the atmosphere causes temperatures to change, winds to blow, and rain to fall.
heat
True or False:
Heat is not a major factor in the weather?
False.
IT IS!
True or False:
Nearly all of the energy in the earth’s atmosphere comes from the moon.
False.
Comes from the SUN!
Electromagnetic waves are classified according to _____ or distance between waves.
wavelength
The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ________.
Radiation
Most of the energy from the sun reaches Earth in the form of _________ light, infrared_______, and a small amount of _________ radiation.
visible
radiation
ultraviolet
Visible light is a mixture of all of the colors that you see in a rainbow which are what:
red orange yellow green blue violet
What causes the colors in a rainbow to be different?
different wavelengths
What colors have the longest wavelengths?
a. red and orange
b. red and blue
c. blue and violet
a. red and orange
What colors have the shortest wavelengths?
a. red and orange
b. red and blue
c. blue and violet
c. blue and violet
True or False:
Infrared radiation is a form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than red light.
True
True or False:
Infrared radiation is not visible but can be felt as heat.
True
True or false:
The wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation are shorter than violet light.
True
What form of radiation can also cause skin cancer and eye damage?
Ultraviolet radiation
True or False
Clouds in the atmosphere act like mirrors, reflecting some solar energy back into space.
True
True or False
Dust particles and molecules of gases in the atmosphere reflect light from the sun in two directions.
False
Reflects light from the sun in ALL directions
This reflection of light in all directions is called ___________.
Scattering
When you look at the sky, the light you see has been scattered by ______ _________ in the atmosphere.
gas molecules
______ ___________ scatter short wavelengths of visible light (blue and indigo) more than long wavelengths (red and orange).
Gas molecules
True or False
Scattered light is bluer than ordinary sunlight, which is why the daytime sky looks blue.
True
What happens to the sun’s energy that is absorbed by the land and water?
It is changed into heat.
Three forms of radiation from the sun:
infrared
ultraviolet
visible
Gases are made up of small particles called ______ which are constantly _________.
molecules
moving
Would molecules in ice cold lemonade move slowly or quickly?
Slowly
Would molecules in hot chocolate move slowly or quickly?
Quickly
What happens in a thermometer when the temperature decreases?
The liquid in the bulb contracts and moves down the tube.
Heat is transferred in what three ways?
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
True or False.
Radiation, conduction, and convection work together to heat the troposphere.
True
What happens to the solar energy during the day? And what is the result?
The earth’s surface absorbs it.
The surface of the land becomes warmer than the air.
What’s happening with air near the earth’s surface during the day?
It is being warmed by radiation and the conduction of heat from the surface to the air.
How much of the troposphere is heated by conduction (heat conducting from one air molecule to another)?
Only the first few meters.
True or False:
The air closest to the ground is usually warmer than the air a few meters up.
True
What causes most of the heating of the troposphere? And why?
Convection.
Air near the ground is heated and the molecules have more energy which causes them to move faster.
As the molecules in the heated air move, what happens?
The molecules bump into each other.
When the molecules in the heated air bump into each other do they get closer together or farther apart?
Farther apart
When the molecules in the heated air move, bump into each other, and move farther apart, what happens to the air?
Becomes less dense.
What happens to cooler denser air - does it rise or sink? Then what happens to the warmer air?
It sinks.
The warmer less dense air rises.
So… when there is an upward movement of warm air and a downward movement of cool air what results?
Convection currents
___________ currents move heat throughout the troposphere.
Convection
These are waves of energy traveling through space.
Electomagnetic
