chapter 3 Flashcards

Question

moral anxiety

Answer 1

guilt experienced when an individual acts contrary to his or her conscience ex: stealing money from a friend

Answer 2

Individuals are motivated by unconscious desires and conflicts. Personality is developed by early childhood. Insight into unconscious conflicts and processes Personality reconstruction Patient: “All women hate me.” Immediate response: “Tell me about one woman with whom you are having trouble.” Illness results from childhood conflicts, and ego defenses are inadequate to cope with anxiety. Change is a process of insight. Using free association, dream analysis, and analyses of transference and resistance Insight-oriented response: “Tell me about your relationship with your mother.”

Answer 3

Biologic, psychological, social, and environmental factors influence personality development throughout the life cycle. Growth involves resolution of critical tasks at each of the eight developmental stages. Mastering developmental tasks through achievement of insight; continued development through death; analyzing developmental issues, fears, and barriers to growth to achieve insight Patient: “I can't do anything right. Help me.” Immediate response: “I hear your doubt in yourself; but I did see you make a positive decision this morning.” Lack of resolution of tasks causes incomplete development and difficulties in relationships. Change involves reexperiencing and resolving developmental crises. Change is a process of growth. Facilitating mastery of developmental tasks with support and problem solving Growth-oriented response: “I can help you look at ways to develop your self-confidence.”

Answer 4

Interpersonal relationships and anxiety facilitate development of the self-system. Development occurs in stages with changing types of relationships. Faulty patterns of relating interfere with security and maturity. Security operations protect against anxiety and interfere with learning. Developing satisfactory relationships and maturity; relative freedom from the interference of anxiety; learning effective interpersonal skills Patient: “I can't sit still. I'm too nervous.” Immediate response: “Let's take a walk for a few minutes.” Change is a process of reeducation. Examining current interpersonal difficulties; using therapist-patient relationships as a vehicle for analyzing interpersonal processes and testing new skills; consensual validation, validation, reality testing, and reflecting positive appraisals Reeducation response: “Let's talk about what kind of things you get nervous about and what you can do about them.”

Answer 5

An individual has value simply because he or she exists. Individuals have potential rational and irrational thinking. Substituting rational beliefs for irrational ones Eliminating self-defeating behaviors Patient: “My wife makes me so angry.” Immediate response: “What did your wife do that you didn't like?” Irrational beliefs produce irrational emotions and behaviors. Increased responsibility for feelings, behaviors, and change Change involves changing beliefs to change feelings and behaviors. Challenging irrational beliefs; cognitive homework Cognitive-behavioral response: “What is self-defeating about the statement you just made?” Change is a process of rational thinking. Role playing and testing out new behaviors

Answer 6

Stress is any positive or negative occurrence or emotion requiring a response. Stress produces physiologic and psychological responses. Developing effective coping mechanisms Reducing bodily tensions Patient: “I'm so tense, I can't sleep.” Immediate response: “I have a relaxation exercise I can show you.” Inadequate handling of stress can lead to physical or mental illness, or both. Change is a process of problem solving. Increasing resources and social supports Managing stress Using biofeedback Using relaxation training

Answer 7

“You've said you're worried about seeing your family tomorrow. Let's talk about what you might say to them.”

Answer 8

Realistic trust of self and others Confidence in others Optimism and hope Sharing openly with others Suspiciousness or testing of others Fear of criticism and closeness Dissatisfaction and hostility Denial of problems Withdrawal from others or Overly trusting of others Naive and gullible Sharing too quickly and easily

Answer 9

Self-control and willpower Realistic self-concept and self-esteem Pride and a sense of good will Simple cooperativeness Knowing when to give and take Delayed gratification when necessary Self-doubt or self-consciousness Dependence on others for approval Feeling of being exposed or attacked Sense of being out of control of self and one's life Ritualistic behaviors Projection of blame and one's feelings or Excessive independence or defiance, grandiosity Reckless disregard for safety of self and others Unwillingness to ask for help Impulsiveness or inability to wait

Answer 10

An adequate conscience Initiative balanced with restraint Appropriate social behaviors Curiosity and exploration Healthy competitiveness Original and purposeful activities Excessive guilt or embarrassment Passivity and apathy Avoidance of activities or pleasures Rumination and self-pity Assuming a role as victim or self-punishment Reluctance to show emotions Underachievement of potential or Multiple incomplete projects Little sense of guilt for actions Excessive expression of emotion Labile emotions Excessive competitiveness or showing off

Answer 11

Sense of competence Completion of projects Pleasure in effort and effectiveness Ability to cooperate and compromise Identification with admired others Sense of direction Balance of work and play Feeling unworthy and inadequate Poor work history (quitting, being fired, lack of promotions, absenteeism, lack of productivity) Inadequate problem solving and follow through on plans Manipulation of others or violation of others’ rights Lack of friends of the same sex or Overly high achieving Perfectionistic/obsessive-compulsive Reluctance to try new things for fear of failing Feeling unable to gain love or affection unless totally successful Being a workaholic

Answer 12

Confident sense of self Commitment to peer group values Emotional stability Development of personal values Sense of having a place in society Establishing relationship with the opposite sex Testing out adult roles Lack of or giving up of goals, beliefs, values, productive roles Feelings of confusion, indecision, and alienation Vacillation between dependence and independence Superficial short-term relationships with opposite sex or Dramatic overconfidence Acting out behaviors (including alcohol and drug use) Seductive or “macho” behaviors

Answer 13

Ability to give and receive love Commitments and mutuality with others Collaboration in work and affiliations Sacrificing for others Responsible sexual behaviors Commitment to career and long-term goals Persistent aloneness or isolation Emotional distance in all relationships Prejudices against others Lack of established vocation; many career changes Seeking of intimacy through casual sexual encounters or Possessiveness, jealousy, abusiveness to loved ones Dependency on parents or partner, or both

Answer 14

Productive, constructive, creative activity Personal and professional growth Parental and societal responsibilities Self-centeredness or self-indulgence Exaggerated concern for appearance and possessions Lack of interest in the welfare of others Lack of civic and professional activities or responsibilities Loss of interest in marriage, extramarital affairs, or both or Too many professional or community activities to the detriment of the family or self Taking care of others, not oneself

Answer 15

Feelings of self-acceptance Sense of dignity, worth, and importance Adaptation to life according to limitations Valuing one's life Sharing of wisdom Exploration of philosophy of life and death Sense of helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, uselessness, meaninglessness, or all of these Withdrawal and loneliness Regression Focusing on past mistakes, failures, and dissatisfactions Feeling too old to start over Giving up on oneself and life or Inability to reduce amount of activities when needed Overtaxing strength and abilities Feeling indispensable Acting as if life is forever

Answer 16

Mobilization of the body's defensive forces and activation of the potential for “fight or flight” (+1 to +2 anxiety) Release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, causing vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and increased rate and force of cardiac contraction Increased hormone levels Enlargement of adrenal cortex Marked loss of body weight Shrinkage of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes Irritation of the gastric mucosa Increased level of alertness Increased level of anxiety Task-oriented, defense-oriented, inefficient, or maladaptive behavior might occur

Answer 17

Optimal adaptation to stress within the person's capabilities (+2 to +3 anxiety) Hormone levels readjust Reduction in activity and size of adrenal cortex Lymph nodes return to normal size Weight returns to normal Increased and intensified use of coping mechanisms Tendency to rely on defense-oriented behavior Psychosomatic symptoms develop

Answer 18

Loss of ability to resist stress because of depletion of body resources; fight, flight, or immobilization occurs (+3 to +4 anxiety) Decreased immune response, with suppression of T cells and atrophy of thymus Depletion of adrenal glands and hormone production Weight loss Enlargement of lymph nodes and dysfunction of lymphatic system If exposure to stressor continues, cardiac failure, renal failure, or death might occur Defense-oriented behaviors become exaggerated Disorganization of thinking Disorganization of personality Sensory stimuli might be misperceived with appearance of illusion Reality contact might be reduced with appearance of delusions or hallucinations If exposure to stressor continues, stupor or violence might occur

chapter 3 Flashcards

(42 cards)