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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Idiographic understanding

A

An understanding of the behavior of a particular individual

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2
Q

Assessment

A

The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant

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3
Q

Standardization

A

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individual’s score can be measured

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4
Q

Realibility

A

A measure of the consistency of test or research results

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5
Q

Validity

A

The accuracy of a test’s or study’s results; that is, the extent to which the test or study actually measures or shows what it claims

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6
Q

Clinical interview

A

Face-to-face encounter

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7
Q

Mental status exam

A

A set of interview questions and observations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning

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8
Q

Test

A

A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a person’s psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

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9
Q

Projective test

A

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to

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10
Q

Rorschach test

A

Individuals view and react to a total of 10 inkblot images

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11
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

Individuals are asked to view 30 black-and-white pictures of individuals in vague situations and asked to make up a dramatic story about each card

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12
Q

Personality inventory

A

A test designed to measure broad personality characteristics, consisting of statements about behaviors, beliefs, and feelings that people evaluate as either characteristic or uncharacteristic of them

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13
Q

Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

The widely used personality inventory in which more than 500 self-statements, to be labeled true, false, or cannot say

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14
Q

Response inventories

A

Tests designed to measure a person’s responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive process

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15
Q

Psychophysiological test

A

A test that measures physical responses (such as heart rate and muscle tension) as possible indicators of physiological problems

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16
Q

Neurological test

A

A test that directly measures brain structure or activity

17
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram; records brain waves, the electrical activity taking place within the brain as a result of neurons firing

18
Q

CAT scan

A

Computerized axial tomography scan; X rays of the brain’s structure are taken at different angles and combined

19
Q

Neuroimaging techniques

A

Neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs. Also called brain scans

20
Q

PET scan

A

Positron emission tomography; A computer produced motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain

21
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging; A procedure that uses the magnetic property of certain atoms in the brain to create a detailed picture of the brain’s structure

22
Q

fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Converts numerous MRI pictures of brain structures into detailed pictures of neuron activity, offering a picture of the functioning brain

23
Q

Neuropsychological test

A

A test that detects brain impairment by measuring a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances

24
Q

Battery

A

Series

25
Q

Intelligence test

A

A test designed to measure a person’s intellectual ability

26
Q

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

An overall score derived from intelligence tests

27
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Clinicians observe clients in their everyday environments

28
Q

Analog observation

A

Clinicians observe clients in an artificial setting, such as a clinical office or laboratory

29
Q

Self-monitoring

A

Clients are instructed to observe themselves

30
Q

Diagnosis

A

A determination that a person’s problems reflect a particular disorder

31
Q

Syndrome

A

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together

32
Q

Classification system

A

A list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate dianoses

33
Q

DSM-5

A

The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

34
Q

Categorical information

A

Refers to the name of the category (disorder) indicated by the client’s symptoms

35
Q

Dimensional information

A

A rating of how severe a client’s symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across various dimensions of personality

36
Q

Empirically supported treatment

A

A movement in the clinical field that seeks to identify which therapies have received clear research support for each disorder, to develop corresponding treatment guidelines, and to spread such information to clinicians. Also known as evidence-based treatment.

37
Q

Therapy outcome study

A

Studies that measure the effects of various treatments

38
Q

Rapprochement movement

A

An effort to identify a set of common strategies that run through the work of all effective therapists

39
Q

Psychopharmacologist

A

A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications

Abnormal Psychology (3 decks)

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