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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

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2
Q

Deviance

A

Abnormal psychological functioning is deviant from societal norms; different, extreme, unusual, bizarre

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3
Q

Norms

A

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct

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4
Q

Culture

A

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts

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5
Q

Distress

A

Abnormal psychological functioning is distressing; unpleasant and upsetting to the person

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6
Q

Dysfunction

A

Abnormal psychological functioning is dysfunctional; interfering with the person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

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7
Q

Danger

A

Abnormal psychological functioning is possibly dangerous to oneself or others

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8
Q

Treatment

A

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. Also called therapy.

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9
Q

Trephination

A

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior

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10
Q

Humors

A

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning

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11
Q

Asylum

A

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most became virtual prisons.

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12
Q

Moral treatment

A

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment

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13
Q

State hospitals

A

State-run public mental institutions in the United States

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14
Q

Somatogenic perspective

A

The view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes

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15
Q

Psychogenic perspective

A

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

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16
Q

General paresis

A

An irreversible disorder with both physical and mental symptoms, including paralysis and delusions of grandeur

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17
Q

Hypnosis

A

Procedure that places people in a trancelike mental state during which they become extremely suggestible

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18
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious phycological forces as the cause of psychopathology

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19
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning

20
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals

21
Q

Private psychotherapy

A

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services

22
Q

Prevention

A

Interventions aimed at determining mental disorders before they develop

23
Q

Positive psychology

A

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities

24
Q

Multicultural psychology

A

The field of psychology the examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, gender, and similar factors on out behaviors and thoughts, including abnormal behaviors and thoughts

25
Q

Managed care program

A

A system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services

26
Q

Scientific method

A

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to fain an understanding of a phenomenon

27
Q

Case study

A

A detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems

28
Q

Correlation

A

The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other

29
Q

Correlational method

A

A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other

30
Q

Epidemiological study

A

A study the measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population

31
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases that emerge during a given period of time

32
Q

Prevalence

A

The total number of cases in the population during a given period of time; existing and new

33
Q

Longitudinal study

A

A study that observes the same participants on may occasions over a long period of time

34
Q

Experiment

A

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed

35
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable in an experiment that in manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable

36
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated

37
Q

Confound

A

In an experiment, a variable other that the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable

38
Q

Control group

A

In an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable

39
Q

Experimental group

A

In an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation

40
Q

Random assignment

A

A selection procedure that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group

41
Q

Blind design

A

An experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition

42
Q

Placebo therapy

A

Imitation therapy in which a placebo is given to the control group which looks or tastes like the real therapy but has none of its key ingredients

43
Q

Double-blind design

A

An experiment in which both the experimenter and the participant is kept blind

44
Q

Quasi-experiment

A

An experiment in which investigators make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large. Also called a mixed design.

45
Q

Natural experiment

A

An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable

46
Q

Analogue experiment

A

An experiment in which the investigator produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts studies on the participants

47
Q

Single-subject experimental design

A

A research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation of an independent variable

Abnormal Psychology (3 decks)

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