Chapter 3

Question 1

The concept that all living organisms are made of cells and that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells

Answer 1

Cell theory

Question 2

Cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells

Question 3

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles, including a central nucleus

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells

Question 4

The membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions

Answer 4

Organelles

Question 5

A phospholipid bilateral with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

The gelatinous, aqueous inferior of all cells

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

A complex of RNA and proteins that carries out protein synthesis in all cells

Answer 7

Ribosome

Question 8

A chemical that can slow or stop the growth of bacteria; many antibiotics are produced by living organisms

Answer 8

Antibiotic

Question 9

The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Rigid structure enclosing the cell membrane of some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape

Answer 10

Cell wall

Question 11

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Answer 11

Osmosis

Question 12

Describing a solution surrounding a cell that has a lower concentration of solute a than the cell

Answer 12

Hypotonic

Question 13

Describes a solution surrounding a cell that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell

Answer 13

Hypertonic

Question 14

Describes a solution surrounding a cell that has the same solute concentration as the cell

Answer 14

Isotonic

Question 15

The macromolecule found in all bacterial wall as that confers rigidity

Answer 15

Peptidoglycan

Question 16

Refers to bacteria with a cell wall that includes a thick layer of peptidoglycan that retains the Gram Stain
Blue or purple

Answer 16

Gram-Positive

Question 17

Refers to bacteria with a cell wall that includes a think layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer lipid membrane that does not retain the Gram Stain
Red or pink

Answer 17

Gram-Negative

Question 18

The movement of small hydrophobic molecules across a membrane from a higher concentration; simple diffusion does not require an input of energy

Answer 18

Simple diffusion

Question 19

Proteins involved in the movement of molecules across the cell membrane

Answer 19

Transport proteins

Question 20

The process by which large or hydrophobic solutes move across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of transport proteins; facilitated diffusion does not require an input of energy

Answer 20

Facilitated diffusion

Question 21

The energy requiring process by which solutes are pumped from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with the help of transport proteins

Answer 21

Active transport

Question 22

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 22

Nuclear envelope

Question 23

Membrane bound organelles responsible for important energy conversion reactions in eukaryotes

Answer 23

Mitochondria