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Bio 113 Lecture > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The ability to do work. Living organisms obtain energy either directly from sunlight through photosynthesis or from food they consume

A

Energy

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2
Q

All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

Chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down each element is made up of an defined by a single type of atom

A

Element

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5
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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6
Q

The smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units

A

Atom

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7
Q

A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an Atom

A

Proton

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8
Q

Negatively charged subatomic particle with in the negligible mass

A

Electron

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9
Q

Electrically charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutron

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10
Q

The dense core of an atom

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

A strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two Atoms

A

Covalent bond

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12
Q

Atoms linked by covalent bonds

A

Molecule

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13
Q

Describes the molecule with the carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond

A

Organic

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14
Q

Describe the molecule that lacks a carbon-based back bone and C-H bonds

A

Inorganic

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15
Q

Inorganic molecule made up of one or more sugars 01 Sugar carbohydrate is called a monosaccharide a carbohydrate with multi links sugars is called a polysaccharide

A

Carbohydrate

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16
Q

An organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits

A

Protein

17
Q

Organic molecules that generally repel water

A

Lipids

18
Q

Organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits; DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids

A

Nucleic acids

19
Q

Large organic molecules that make up living organisms; they include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

A

Macromolecules

20
Q

One chemical subunit of a polymer

A

Monomer

21
Q

The basic structural unit of living organisms

A

Cell

22
Q

A phospholipid bilateral with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

A

Cell membrane

23
Q

A type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

A

Phospholipid

24
Q

“Water-fearing” hydrophobic molecules will not dissolve in water

A

Hydrophobic

25
Q

“Water-loving” hydrophilic molecules dissolve in water

A

Hydrophilic

26
Q

A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other for example: water

A

Polar molecule

27
Q

A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

A

Hydrogen bond

28
Q

Water molecules sticking to water molecules through hydrogen bonding

A

Cohesion

29
Q

Water molecules sticking to other surfaces through hydrogen bonding

A

Adhesion

30
Q

A substance in which other substances can dissolve for example : water

A

Solvent

31
Q

A dissolved substance

A

Solute

32
Q

The mixture of solute and solvent

A

Solution

33
Q

A strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

A

Ionic bond

34
Q

An electrically charged atom, the charge result kong from the loss or gain of electrons

A

Ion

35
Q

A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

A

pH

36
Q

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more acidic

A

Acid

37
Q

Substance that reduced the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions, making them more basic

A

Base

38
Q

An infectious agent made up of a protein she’ll that encloses genetic information

A

Virus

39
Q

A protein-only infectious agent

A

Prion

Bio 113 Lecture (5 decks)

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