Chapter 3

Question 1

Long-Cycle Theory

Answer 1

a theory that focuses on the rise and fall of the leading global power as the central political process of the modern world system

Question 2

Hegemon

Answer 2

a single, overwhelmingly powerful state that exercises predominate influence over the global state

Question 3

Appeasement

Answer 3

a strategy of making concessions to another state in the hope that, satisfied with the concessions, it will not make additional claims

Question 4

Isolation

Answer 4

a policy of withdrawing from active participation with other actors in world affairs and instead concentrating state efforts on managing internal affairs

Question 5

Multipolar

Answer 5

an international system with more than two dominant power centers

Question 6

Bipolar

Answer 6

an international system with two dominant power centers

Question 7

Domino Theory

Answer 7

a metaphor popular during the Cold War, which predicted that if one state fell to communism, its neighbors would also fall in a chain reaction, like a row of falling dominoes

Question 8

Mirror Images

Answer 8

the tendency of people in competitive interaction to perceive each other similarly-to see an adversary the same way as an adversary sees them

Question 9

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

Answer 9

the tendency for one’s expectations to evoke behavior that helps to make the expectations become true

Question 10

Bandwagon

Answer 10

the tendency for weak states to seek alliance with the strongest power, regardless of the power’s ideology or form of government, in order to increase security

Question 11

Containment

Answer 11

a strategy to prevent another state from using force to expand its sphere of influence

Question 12

Truman Doctrine

Answer 12

the declaration by President Harry S. Truman that U.S. foreign policy would use intervention to support peoples who allied with the United States against external subjugation

Question 13

Rollback

Answer 13

a strategy that called for liberating countries that were under Soviet domination

Question 14

Peaceful Coexistance

Answer 14

Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev’s 1956 doctrine that war between capitalists and communist states is not inevitable and that interbloc competition could be peaceful

Question 15

Detente

Answer 15

a strategy of relaxing tensions between adversaries to reduce the possibility of war

Question 16

Linkage Theory

Answer 16

the assertions that U.S. cooperation with the Soviet Union in one policy area was contingent on acceptable Soviet conduct in other in other areas

Question 17

Nixon Doctrine

Answer 17

a pledge to provide military and economic support to U.S. allies while holding them responsible for their own security

Question 18

Carter Doctrine

Answer 18

a declaration to use military force to prevent outside powers from gaining control over the Persian Gulf

Question 19

Reagan Doctrine

Answer 19

a pledge of U.S. backing for anticommunist insurgents who sought to overthrow Soviet-supported governments

Question 20

Rapprochement

Answer 20

in diplomacy, a policy seeking to reestablish normal relations between enemies

Question 21

Unipolar

Answer 21

as international system with one dominant power center

Question 22

Soft Power

Answer 22

the ability of a country to get what it wants in international affairs through the attractiveness of its culture, political ideals, and policies

Question 23

Imperial Overstretch

Answer 23

the historical tendency of hegemons to weaken themselves through costly foreign pursuits that drain their resources