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Han 312 > Chapter 3-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count (blood component)
- red blood cell (erythrocytes)
- white blood cell (leukocytes)
- platelets (thrombocyte)

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2
Q

BMP/CMP

A

Basic/Complete Metabolic Panel (liver and kidney function)
- electrolytes (Na, K, Ca)
- kidney enzymes & function
- liver enzymes & function

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3
Q

Urine Tests

A

Urine Analysis
- pH
- specific gravity
- Bilirubin
- glucose
- ketones
- proteins
- blood
- bacteria
- nitrite (bacterial infection)
- leukocytes

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4
Q

Urine culture

A

Used to figure the type of bacteria to make the most effective treatment for

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5
Q

X-ray

A
  • 2D of bones and cartilage
  • No ligaments, tendons, muscles, organs
  • commonly for limbs, chests, abdominal
  • position body and body parts
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6
Q

Radi/o

A

x-ray

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7
Q

radiolucent

A

to shine through (dark)

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8
Q

radiopaque

A

to absorb (light)

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9
Q

Ultrasound/sonography

A
  • produced by sound waves and vibrations
  • ex: echocardiogram, pelvic ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound
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10
Q

son/o

A

sound

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11
Q

echo-

A

a repeated sound

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12
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

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13
Q

CT Scan

A

computed tomography scan
- x-ray that gives cross sectional images in specific areas
- 3D that is made up of 2D images put together
- ex: brain, neck, spine, chest, limbs
- can inject contrast materials (radiopaque material to show contrast with surrounding tissues)

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14
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- use magnetic field and radio waves
- detailed image of soft tissues

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15
Q

Nuclear Medicine Scans

A
  • use radioactive substances
    Ex: bone scan, thyroid scan, thallium (TI) scan
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16
Q

PET & PET/CT scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography
- small amounts of radioactive substances
- cell that has a higher metabolic rate –> highlighted (tumor)

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17
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract/ alimentary canal

A

digestive system
- composed of accessory glands and organ

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18
Q

Ingestion

A

food taken into the mouth

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19
Q

Digestion

A

complex nutrients broken down to simpler form (mechanically or chemically)

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20
Q

Protease

A

breaks down protein to animo acid

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21
Q

amylase

A

breaks down carbohydrates into glucose

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22
Q

Lipase

A

breaks down fat to fatty acids or triglycerides

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23
Q

absorption

A

digested food moves into bloodstream, throughout the body and provides energy for the cell

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24
Q

elimination

A

remove waste that can’t be absorbed

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25
Q

defecation

A

removal of waste through anus

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26
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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27
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen/belly

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28
Q

-prandial

A

meal

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29
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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30
Q

-phagia

A

eating/swallowing

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31
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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32
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of wastes

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33
Q

salivary glands

A

saliva - lubricate the mouth and food
salivary amylase: breaks down carbohydrates

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34
Q

Parotid gland

A

within the cheek, anterior to the ear

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35
Q

submandibular gland
(sub- mandibul/o -ar)

A

below the mandible

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36
Q

sublingual gland
(sub- lingu/o -al)

A

below the tongue

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37
Q

Palates

A

separate oral and nasal cavity

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38
Q

uvula

A

aids in production of sounds an speech

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39
Q

tongue

A

assist in chewing, swallowing and speaking

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40
Q

teeth

A

masticate

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41
Q

mastication

A

act of chewing

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42
Q

saliva

A

contains amylase and produced by salivary gland

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43
Q

bolus

A

moistened food still in the mouth

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44
Q

chyme

A

partially digested food

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45
Q

bucc/o

A

cheeks

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46
Q

cheil/o, labi/o

A

palate (hard and soft)

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47
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

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48
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

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49
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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50
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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51
Q

dent/i, odont/o

A

teeth

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52
Q

faci/o

A

face

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53
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible, lower jaw

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54
Q

or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

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55
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

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56
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

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57
Q

pharynx

A

throat
- food ingested from oral cavity to the esophagus
- air traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus

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58
Q

esophagus

A

extending from the pharynx to the stomach
- uses peristalsis
- connects to stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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59
Q

Deglutition

A

food moves into the esophagus
- bolus –> closed larynx and trachea through movement of epiglottis –> esophagus –> epiglottis opens again

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60
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat

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61
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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62
Q

cardia /LES

A

connection to stomach from esophagus

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63
Q

fundus

A

superior domed portion of the stomach

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64
Q

body

A

between fundus and pylorus

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65
Q

greater curvature

A

bigger curve on bottom of stomach

66
Q

lesser curvature

A

smaller curve on top of stomach

67
Q

antrum

A

after the body

68
Q

pylorus

A

distal region that connects to the duodenum

69
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle that controls the chyme from entering the small intestine

70
Q

rugae

A

folds in the mucous membrane lining in the stomach

71
Q

gastr/o

72
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

73
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

74
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

75
Q

small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, Ileum

76
Q

duodenum

A

receives mixture of biles and lined with villi, major site of digestion

77
Q

villi

A

absorb digested nutrients via blood and lymph vessels into bloodstream

78
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually small)

79
Q

duoden/o

80
Q

jejun/o

81
Q

ile/o

82
Q

large intestine

A

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

83
Q

feces

A

solid waste product

84
Q

rectum

A

extension that holds solid waste

85
Q

anus

A

exit from large intestine to the outside of the body

86
Q

col/o, colon/o

87
Q

cec/o

88
Q

append/o, appendic/o

89
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

90
Q

proct/o, rect/o

91
Q

proct/o, an/o

92
Q

-chezia

A

defecation/elimination of wastes

93
Q

accessory organs

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, ducts

94
Q

ducts

A

hepatic duct
cystic duct
common bile duct
pancreatic duct

95
Q

hepatic duct

A

liver to duodenum

96
Q

cystic duct

A

gall connect pancreas to duodenum

97
Q

common bile duct

A

right and left hepatic duct combine

98
Q

pancreatic duct

A

pancreas to the duodenum

99
Q

liver

A
  • produces and secretes bile to store in the gallbladder
    -help maintain normal blood glucose level
  • manufacture blood proteins (albumin), and those necessary for blood clotting
  • release conjugated bilirubin
100
Q

bile

A

composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts
- undergoes emulsification

101
Q

emulisification

A

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller fat globules (mechanical)

102
Q

bilirubin

A

produced by hemolysis and becomes conjugated in the liver, acts as bile pigment
- give stool its color

103
Q

Bile duct

A

bile released by liver –> hepatic duct –> cystic duct (gallbladder for storage)
–> common bile duct, duodenum

104
Q

pancreas

A

exocrine
- produce digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease)
- though pancreatic duct –> common bile duct –> duo

endocrine function
- secretes insulin and bring glucose into the cell

105
Q

insulin

A

bring glucose into cell and stimulates glycogen formation in the liver

106
Q

glycogen

A

glucose was stored in form of glycogen

107
Q

hepat/o

108
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

109
Q

pancreat/o

110
Q

cholangi/o

111
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

112
Q

amyl/o

113
Q

bil/i, chol/e

A

gall, bile

114
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin (bile pigment)

115
Q

gluc/o, glyc/o

116
Q

glycogen/o

117
Q

lip/o, steat/o

118
Q

prote/o

119
Q

-ase

120
Q

lith/o

121
Q

herni/o

122
Q

py/o

123
Q

carcin/o

124
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

125
Q

steato-

126
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

127
Q

-pathy

128
Q

-algia, -dynia

129
Q

-itits

A

inflammation

130
Q

-ectasis,-ectasia

A

dilation, widdening

131
Q

-tresia

132
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

133
Q

-rrhage, -rrhagia

A

bursting flow (of blood)

134
Q

-ptysis

135
Q

-ptosis

A

droop, sag, prolapse, fall

136
Q

-chalasia

A

relaxationh

137
Q

-cele

138
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, tightening

139
Q

-emesis

140
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary muscle contractions

141
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

142
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, separation, destruction, loosening

143
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

144
Q

eructation

A

burp, getting gas out of mouth

145
Q

borborygmi

A

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by movement of gas, fluid, or both in GI tract

146
Q

flatus

A

fart, gas by anus

147
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in the feces, foul-smelling fecal matter

148
Q

hematochezia

A

blood in stool (bright)

149
Q

melena

A

black stool (upper GI)

150
Q

occult

151
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

152
Q

-rrhaphy

153
Q

-centesis

154
Q

-ectomy

A

removal, excision

155
Q

Blood tests

A

Liver function tests (LFTS)
amylase and lipase

156
Q

stool tests

A

stool guaiac or hemoccult test

157
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connect between two holes

158
Q

protoscopy

A

visual examination of rectum and anus via the rectal route

159
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination with abdominal region

160
Q

paracentesis

A

remove fluid from abdomen

161
Q

nasogastric

A

tube through nose to stomach for feeding, suction

162
Q

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A

feeding by intravenous injection or other non-gastrointestinal route

Han 312 (4 decks)

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