Chapter 1-2 Flashcards
encephal/o
brain
cerebr/o
cerebrum
crani/o
cranium/skull
cardi/o
heart
angi/o
vessel
Pulmon/o
lung
gastr/o
stomach
col/o, colon/o
colon
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
cyst/o
urinary bladder, sac of fluid
aden/o
gland
oste/o
bone
arthr/o
joint
dermat/o
skin
chrondr/o
cartilage
my/o
muscle
cyt/o
cell
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
albin/o
white
anthrac/o
black (as coal)
chlor/o
green
cirrh/o
tawny yellow
cyan/o
blue
eosin/o
rosy
erythr/o
red
juand/o
yellow
leuk/o
white
lute/o
yellow
melan/o
black
poli/o
gray
xanth/o
yellow
uni-
one
bi-
two
tri-
three
quandri-
four
hemi-, semi-
half
multi- , poly-
many, much
pan-
all
a-, an-
without, not, no
in-
not
anti-, contra-
against
de-
lack of, less
dys-
painful, bad, difficult, abnormal
mal-
ill, bad
eu-
good, normal
hyper-
above, excessive
hypo-
below, under, deficient
brady-
slow
tachy-
fast
neo-
new, recent
syn-, sym-
union, together
mega-, macro-
large
micro-
small
per-
throughout, completely
pre-
before
post-
after, behind
meta-
after, subsequent to
peri-
surrounding
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
trans-
across, through
ex-
out, away from
exo-, ecto-
out
en-, endo-
in, within
inter-
between
intra-
within, into
sub-, infra-
below, under
supra-
above, upper
-ic, -ac,-al, -iac
pertaining to
-ist
specialist
-logy
study (process of)
-oid
resembling
-ole
small
-genesis
forming, producing
-genic
produced by/in, genes
-ium
tissue, structure
-ism, -ia, y
condition
-osis
abnormal condition (usually)
-algia
pain
-emia
blood condition
-itis
inflammation
-megaly
enlargement
-malacia
softening
-oma
tumor
-pathy
disease
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-genic
producing, genes
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
-stomy
new opening (to form a mouth)
-tomy
process of cutting
-ectomy
excision, removal
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhaphy
suture
-opsy
examination, inspection
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
-scopy
visual examination
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-graph
instrument for recording
-meter
measure
plural of “a”
ae
plural of “EN”
ina
plural of “ex, ix, yx”
ices
plural of “is”
es
plural of “on”
a
plural of “um”
a
plural of “us”
i
plural of “x, nx”
ges, nges
epi-
above, upon, on
inter-
between
intra-
within, into
peri-
surrounding
retro-
backwards, behind
sub-, infra-
below
supra-
above, upper
caud/o
tail, lower part of the body
cephal/o
head
proxim/o
near, proximal
-plasia
formation, growth
-sis
condition, state of
-stasis
to stop, control
abdomin/o
abdomen
acr/o
extremities
brachi/o
arm
cervic/o
neck, cervical
-cyte
cell
fibr/o
fiber
hemat/o
blood
hist/o
tissue
hydr/o
water
leiomy/o
smooth
lip/o
fat
lumb/o
lumbar region, lower back
morph/o
form, shape
necr/o
death
neur/o
nerve
nucle/o
nucleus
path/o
disease
ped/o, pod/o
foot
pelv/i
pelvis
sarc/o
flesh, sacral
thorac/o
chest
troph/o
nouishment
viscer/o
internal organs
coccyg/o
coccygeal
cranial cavity
within the skill occupied by the brain
thoracic cavity
within the chest occupied by the lungs, heart, etc
abdominal cavity
within the abdomen occupied by the digestive system and other organs
pelvic cavity
within the pelvis occupied by some reproductive system, urinary, and digestive organ
spinal cavity
within the spine occupied by the spinal cord
orthopedists
musculoskeletal system
etiology
study of cause of disease
exacerbation
an increase in the severity of a disease or symptoms
Medical record
- Hospital and Clinical records
- History and physical examination (H&P)
- Health care provider notes (surgical procedure)
- Consent forms
- Laboratory and diagnostic test reports
- Other specialty reports
History and physical examination (H&P)
- Chief Complaint
- History of Present Illness (symptoms)
- Patient History (medical, surgical, social, family)
- Review of System (symptoms)
- Vital signs
- Physical Examination (signs) —> inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
- Lab & Imaging Data
- Diagnosis
- Disposition (treatment & plan)
History and physical examination (H&P
- symptoms
what the patient says, subjective, history, patient/family history
History and physical examination (H&P)
- signs
what you see, objective, physical finding, from health care provider/medical staff
History of Present Illness
- open questions
- OPQRST (on set, provocation/palliation, quality, region/radiation, severity, time)
- OLD CARTS (onset, location, duration, character, aggravating/ alleviating, radiation, time, severity)
Patient History
-Medical history (disease and time)
- Surgical history
(procedure, location, date)
- Medicine history (what, dose, route, frequency)
- Allergies (food, medication, environmental)
- Vaccination (childhood, booster, yearly, etc)
- Social History (alcohol, smoking, illicit substances, occupation, living situation)
- Family history (who, age, what, status)
Review of System (ROS)
Subjective
Reviewing positive or negative response surrounding current CC or HPI
EX: general, neuro, head/ears/nose/throat, repository, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, skin
Vital signs
Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen, respiratory rate
Hypothermia
Low temperature <35C
Temperature
37C
98.6F
Rectum or urethra most accurate
Least is armpit
Hyperthermia
High temperature > 38
Normothermia
normal temperature
Heart rate
60 - 100 bmp
Tachycardia
fast heart rate > 100bmp
Bradycardia
slow heart rate < 60bmp
Arrhythmia/dysrhythmia
condition of abnormal heart rhythm
Blood pressure
SBP: 100-140
DBP: 60-90
MAP > 65
Hypotension
Low blood pressure <100/60
Hypertension
High blood pressure > 140/90`
Normotensive
regular blood pressure
MAP
mean arterial pressure
(2* SBP + DBP) / 3
Respiratory rate
12-20
pnea, spir/o
breathing
tachpneic/tachypnea
rapid breathing >20
brachypneic’brachypnea
slow breathing < 12
hypoventilation
too little ventilating
hyperventilation
too much ventilating
apnea
lack of breathing
oxygenation
> 94%
89-92 tolerable for chronic lung diseases
oxia, ox/o
oxygen
hypoxia
low difficent oxygen in tissues
hypoxemia
low oxygen in blood
anoxia
without oxygen
Physical examination
- inspection
- palpation
- percussion
- Auscultation
GCS: neuro
Inspection
Patient coming in, observation
- mental status
-general appearance
- posture
- skin color/deformities
- body language
- gait
Palpation
sense to touch to examine patient
- finger
Used for
- location of organs/structure/tissues
- size
- texture
- temperature
- tenderness
Percussion
use fingers to tap a portion of the body
- examine fluid or air
Auscultation
listening to sounds of the body
- heart
- blood vessels
- lungs/airway
- abdomen/bowels
Enophthalmos
eyes sunken inward
Exophthalmos
eyes protruding out
