chapter 3&4 Flashcards
____ muscle is primary muscle responsible for changing the vocal fundamental frequency
cricothyroid
space between the vocal folds
glottis
when the vocal folds once again make contact during a cycle of phonation
airflow creases
to initiate phonation, one must ___
adduct the vocal folds
in the closed phase of phonation ___
subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottic pressure
in the open phase of phonation ____
subglottal pressure is greater than supraglottic pressure
the act of bringing the vocal folds together is called
adduction
the inferior-most cartilage of the larynx is
cricoid
the superior-most cartilage of the larynx
epiglottis
which of the following is a leaf-like cartilage
epiglottis
which of the following greatly increases turbulence in the airways?
constriction & adducted vocal folds (A&B)
which of the following is the cavity between the true and false vocal folds
laryngeal ventricle
the larynx is___
- comprised of three unpaired and three paired cartilages
- a musculo-cartilagenous structure
- superior to the trachea
the cartilage that articulates with the thyroid cartilage is the___
cricoid
the bone that articulates with the thyroid cartilage is the___
Hyoid
the cartilage that articulates with the superior aspect of the arytenoid cartilage is the____
corniculate
the cavity of the larynx immediately superior to the ventricular folds is the ____
vestibule
bringing the vocal folds into position to initiate phonation is termed ___
attack
brining the vocal folds together at the same time airflow reaches them is termed___
simultaneous attack
which of the following causes the vocal folds to return to their resting position after having been blown open during a cycle of phonation?
negative pressure between the vocal folds & elasticity of the vocal folds (A&C)
the prominence superior to the laryngeal ventricles is/are the ___
false vocal folds
the process of impounding air for the purpose of extortion
is a function of abdominal fixation and requires adduction of the vocal folds (B&C)
in ____ attack, the vocal folds adducted proper to the initiation of expiratory execution
glottal
___ refers to the pitch of phonation that is most appropriate for an individual
optimal pitch
which of the following is the largest laryngeal cartilage?
thyroid
bringing the vocal folds together at the same time airflows reaches them is termed
simultaneous attack
anatomy structure that is located at the most superior section of the larynx
epiglottis
what are the three paired cartilages
the arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform
where are the three paired cartilages situated?
they are situated bilaterally in the larynx
The false vocal folds
located
at the inferior edge of the vestibule just above the true vocal folds
The upper folds are called the
vestibular folds or false vocalfolds
which vocal folds play no part in vocalization. true or false vocal folds
false vocal folds
biological functions of the larynx
- Prevent air escaping from Lungs
- Prevent foreign body enter from larynx to lung
- Forcefully expel any foreign substances
non-biological function of the larynx
- Speech sound production
- During normal vowel production, vibration is 120/second for Men &
220/second for female
Pitch vs. Frequency refers to
speed of vibration
Loudness vs. Intensity refers to
amount of air underneath Glottis
BEFORE PHONATION the vocal cords must:
BE ADDUCTION to build up pressure
what are the vocal folds?
part of the larynx that produces sounds
Movement of Vocal folds create
frequency and intensity change within speech sound
Muscles of the Vocal folds can be :
1.Lengthening/shortening
2. Tense/lax
3. Abduct (Open) or adduct(close)
Three phases of Vocal folds vibration
Opening phase: 50% of the cycle
Closing phase: 37% of the cycle
Closed phase: 13% of the cycle
space between the folds
glottis
vocal cord is made of 3 muscle:
- vocal ligament (edge)
- vocalis (middle)
- thyroarytenoid (lateral)
Trans-glottal pressure is
pressure difference between subglottal and supraglottic area
In the closed phase of phonation and the open of phonation:
subglottal pressure is grater than supraglottic pressure.
As pressure below glottal decrease, vocal folds start to ___
close again to initial a new cycle
Once the vocal folds close, ____
pressure build up to blow vocal folds open
Vocal Attack:
Adduction of vocal fold in airstream
Sustained phonation:
Continue phonation as the results of tonic contraction of vocal fold adduction
Termination:
vocal folds are going into the abduction stage
Three Basic Types Of Laryngeal Adductions During Phonation
vocal attack, sustained phonation, termination
breathy vocal attack
Air flows before Adduction
Simultaneous attack
Air flows the same time as Adduction
Glottal vocal attack
Air flows after adduction
closing Vocal fold action
Attack
