Chapter 1 Flashcards
the structure of an organism
anatomy
the function of a living organism and its components
physiology
applies anatomy to diagnosing and treating
applied anatomy
relates body parts to functional systems
descriptive anatomy
studies changes in body parts due to disease
pathological anatomy
studies the body parts without a microscope; studies the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye
gross anatomy
studies the smallest structures of the body; tissue, cells, and molecules with a microscope
microscopic anatomy
studies growth and development to birth
developmental anatomy
studies joints and bones
arthrology
studies blood vessels and lymphatic system
angiology
studies the nervous system
neurology
studies muscle structure and functions
myology
describe what a person looks like in anatomical position
body in standing position, facing forwards with arms by your side and palms facing forwards
bones that form the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (head and trunk)
axial skeleton
bones that form the upper and lower limbs
appendicular skeleton
made of thorax(chest) and abdomen(belly)
body trunk/torso
divides the body into front and back halves
frontal plane
the imaginary midline around which the body pivots
axis
divides the body into right and left halves
sagittal plane
divides the body into upper and lower halves
transverse plane
surface of body
superficial surface
front of body
anterior or ventral
back of body
posterior or dorsal
away from the center
peripheral
direction away from the surface; towards the inside
deep surface
body horizontal with face up
supine
body horizontal with face down
prone
point closest to the trunk
proximal
point farthest from the trunk
distal
four types of tissue in the human body:
epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
found between muscle and bone
tendon
joint bone to bone
ligament
cranial structure between the temporal and parietal bones, bilaterally
squamous suture
three kinds of muscle tissue:
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
have one axon. Cell body not connected to anything
unipolar neurons
have one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body toward opposite poles
bipolar neurons
have multiple dendrites and one single axon
multipolar neurons
covers the organs, sheet like membrane that may be dense or nearly transparent, thin or thick
fascia
fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilage to another bone
ligaments
attaches muscle to bone or cartilage
tendons
the union of bones or cartilage
joints
connect bone to bone to form a joint
ligaments
a tough, flexible band of fibrous connective tissue connects muscles to bones
tendon
made of cells
tissue
single or group of anatomy structures
organs
grouping of multiple anatomy structures
body system
what forms organs
tissue
what do organs form?
organs form systems
systems are groups of organ that perform a specific function
body systems
how many body systems are there?
12
organs can be part of more that one system. True/False
true
reproductive system is in charge of:
ovaries and testes
urinary system is in charge of:
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
respiratory system is in charge of:
oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, trachea, and bronchial passageway, and lungs
digestive system is in charge of:
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, intestines, and glands
endocrine system is in charge of:
glands that produce hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood
nervous system is in charge of:
nerve tissue and central and peripheral nervous system structures
cranial cavity includes the:
brain, vertebral canal, and spinal cord
thoracic cavity include the:
lungs and related structures
pericardial cavity includes the:
heart
abdominal cavity includes the:
digestive organs
study related to cell
cytology
what type of tissue covers the body surfaces and lines body cavities?
epithelial tissue
which type of tissue acts as a barrier against hostile agents?
epithelial tissue
Which type of tissue prevents dehydration and fluid loss?
epithelial tissue
What tissue has the function of binding?
Connective tissue
connective tissue can be solid, liquid or
gel-like
hard, complex structures composes of connective tissue that protects organs and give shape to the body
bone
soft, simple structure composed of connective tissue that offers flexibility to the joints and protect from external and internal shock
cartilage
connect bone to bone to form a joint
ligaments
A tough, flexible band of fibrous connective tissue connects muscles to bones
tendon
away from the midline
lateral
towards the midline
medial
which system provides the energy source for speech
respiratory system
study of the structure and function of the bones
osteology
microscopic study of cells and tissue
histology
tissue that provides the surface coverings of the body and linings of the cavities and passageways
epithelial
type of tissue that links structures together
connective
______ is contractile in nature
muscle
the muscles that are also called skeletal
striated
the tissue type that provides the cushion between vertebra of the spinal column
fibrocartilage
cartilage that makes up the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passageways
hyaline
relatively non elastic and binned structures together
ligament
a sheet like tendon flat
aponeurosis
tissue composed predominantly of intercellular material known as the matrix
connective
tissue that is areolar tissue that is highly impregnated with fat cells
adipose
particular important combination of connective tissues, because it has unique properties of strength and elasticity
cartilage
contains collagenous fibers; provides a relatively smooth surface for gliding
fibrocartilage
acts as a shock absorber and provides a relatively smooth surface for gliding
fibrocartilage
cartilage that contains elastic fibers rather than collagen and is found in the pinna, nose, and epiglittis
yellow elastic cartilage
the hardest of the connective tissue
bone
point of attachment of a muscle that has the least movement
origin
point of attachment of a muscle that is relatively mobile
insertion
tissue type that is found between muscles and forms a thin, membranous sheet between organs
areolar connective tissue
tissue type includes secreting tissue
epithelial
tissue type that is highly impregnated with fat cells
adipose
tissue type that is strong dense tissue of which ligaments fascia and cartilage are made
fibrous connective tissue
highly mobile joints
diarthrodial
joints with limited mobility
amphiarthrodial
joints known as a hinge joint
ginglymus
joints also known as saddle joint
sellar
joints that are elliptical in shape
ellipsoid
gliding joint in which the mating surfaces of the bones are more or less flat
plane synovial
joint that is reciprocal in nature, such that one member of the joint is convex and the other member is concave
spheroid
strong and dense connective tissue, provides means for binding structures of the body
white fibrous tissue
_________ arise form the epithelial tissue and are specialized structures that line cavities and sometimes secrete mucus
mucous membranes
________is loose and thin
areolar connective tissue
_________ has both tensile and compressive strength and is elastic
cartilage
_________ is a fluid connective tissue
blood
_______ a highly dense connective tissue
bone
